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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: teichoic acid, poly(glycosyl 1-phosphate)
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, teichoic acid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 4099
  Potekhina NV, Streshinskaia GM, Tul'skaya EM, Kozlova YI, Senchenkova SN, Shashkov AS "Phosphate-containing polymers of cell wall of bacilli" - Biochemistry (Moscow) 76(7) (2011) 745-754
  

  Anionic phosphate-containing cell wall polymers of bacilli are represented by teichoic acids and poly(glycosyl 1-phosphates). Different locations of phosphodiester bonds in the main chain of teichoic acids as well as the nature and combination of the constituent structural elements underlie their structural diversity. Currently, the structures of teichoic acids of bacilli can be classified into three types, viz. poly(polyol phosphates) with glycerol or ribitol as the polyol; poly(glycosylpolyol phosphates), mainly glycerol-containing polymers; and poly(acylglycosylglycerol phosphate), in which the components are covalently linked through glycosidic, phosphodiester, and amide bonds. In addition to teichoic acids, poly(glycosyl 1-phosphates) with mono- and disaccharide residues in the repeating units have been detected in cell walls of several Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus strains. The known structures of teichoic acids and poly(glycosyl 1-phosphates) of B. subtilis, B. atrophaeus, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. stearothermophilus, B. coagulans, B. cereus as well as oligomers that link the polymers to peptidoglycan are surveyed. The reported data on the structures of phosphate-containing polymers of different strains of B. subtilis suggest heterogeneity of the species and may be of interest for the taxonomy of bacilli to allow differentiation of closely related organisms according to the 'structures and composition of cell wall polymers' criterion.

  cell wall, teichoic acids, Bacillus, poly(glycosyl 1-phosphates)

  NCBI PubMed ID: 21999535
  Journal NLM ID: 0376536
  Publisher: Nauka/Interperiodica
  Correspondence: potekchina@hotbox.ru
  Institutions: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
  
   
  
  Bacillus subtilis VKM B-520, Bacillus atrophaeus VKM B-723, Bacillus atrophaeus VKM B-763
  CSDB ID 26917 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4115
  Streshinskaya GM, Shashkov AS, Potekhina NV, Kozlova YI, Tul'skaya EM, Senchenkova SN, Kudryashova EB, Anan'ina LN "Carbohydrate-containing cell wall polymers of some strains of the Bacillus subtilis group" - Mikrobiologiia = Microbiology [Russian] 80(1) (2011) 21-29
  

  A comparative study of the structures of carbohydrate-containing cell wall polymers isolated from the strains of the Bacillus subtilis group was performed by means of chemical and NMR spectroscopic meth ods. Polymers of different structure were revealed, namely, 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphates) with β-glucopyranose in Bacillus subtilis strains VKM B-520, VKM B-723, and VKM B-763 (= VKM B-911); 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate) with α-glucopyranose in B. subtilis strains VKM B-722 and VKM B-922 (the structure is reported for the first time); and simultaneously two polymers in B. subtilis VKM B-761, 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate) with β-glucopyranose and the disaccharide 1-phosphate polymer with the following repeating unit: -6)-α-D-Galp-(1-P-4)-gB-D-GlcpNAc-(1-, in which the hydroxyls at C3 and C6 of glucosamine residues are partially O-acetylated (the structure is reported for the first time). Heterogeneity of the B. subtilis group is con firmed by variations in the structure and composition of the cell wall polymers. The cell surface polymers are useful for discrimination of closely related bacilli strains and are cell wall marker components that may be an indispensable element of the Bacillus subtilis group taxonomy along with the genomosystematic methods.

  NMR spectroscopy, cell wall, teichoic acid, Bacillus subtilis, taxonomy, disaccharide 1-phosphate polymer

  Publication DOI: 10.1134/S0026261711010164
  Journal NLM ID: 0376652
  Publisher: Moskva: Izdatelstvo Nauka
  Correspondence: streshinskaya@mail.ru
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division Russian Academy of Sciences Perm Russia
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, HF solvolysis, sugar analysis, 31P NMR, paper chromatography, NMR-1D, electrophoresis, RNA sequencing
  
   
  
  Bacillus subtilis VKM B-723, Bacillus subtilis VKM B-763, Bacillus subtilis VKM B-520
  CSDB ID 26488 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4144
  Zdorovenko EL, Varbanets LD, Brovarskaya OS, Valueva OA, Shashkov AS, Knirel YA "Lipopolysaccharide of Budvicia aquatica 97U124: Immunochemical properties and structure" - Microbiology 80(3) (2011) 372-377
  

  The structure and immunochemical properties of lipopolysaccharide from Budvicia aquatica 97U124, a representative of a novel species of Enterobacteriaceae, were studied. The Opolysaccharide (OPS) was isolated by mild acid hydrolysis and characterized by monosaccharide analysis and NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that the OPS from B. aquatica 97U124 consisted of repeating units with the structure.

  Lipopolysaccharide, structure, Budvicia aquatica, Ospecific polysaccharide

  NCBI PubMed ID: 21861373
  Publication DOI: 10.1134/S0026261711020196
  Journal NLM ID: 0376646
  Publisher: Washington, DC: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
  Correspondence: zdorovenkoe@mail.ru
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Zabolotnyi Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, ul. Zabolotnogo 154, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, NMR, sugar analysis, GLC, mild acid hydrolysis, serological methods, immunodiffusion assays
  
   
  
  Budvicia aquatica 97U124
  CSDB ID 26406 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4377
  Potekhina NV, Shashkov AS, Senchenkova SN, Dorofeeva LV, Evtushenko LI "Structure of a hexasaccharide-1-phosphate polymer from Arthrobacter uratoxydans VKM Ac-1979T cell wall" - Biochemistry (Moscow) 77(11) (2012) 1294-1302
  

  A hexasaccharide 1-phosphate polymer of original structure and two teichoic acids (TA) belonging to different structural types were found in Arthrobacter uratoxydans VKM Ac-1979(T) cell wall. The poly(hexasaccharide 1-phosphate) combines features of teichuronic acids and glycosyl 1-phosphate polymers, and its structure has never been reported earlier. Its composition includes residues of a- and b-D-glucuronic acid as well as a-D-galacto-, b-D-gluco-, a-D-mannopyranose, and 6-O-acetylated 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranose. The phosphodiester bond in the polymer joins the glycoside hydroxyl of a-D-glucuronic acid and O6 of a-D-galactopyranose. TA 1 is b-D-glucosylated 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate), and TA 2 is 3,6-linked poly[a-D-glucosyl-(1-2)-glycerol phosphate]. The phosphate-containing polymers were studied by chemical methods and on the basis of one-dimensional 1H-, 13C-, and (31)P-NMR spectra, homonuclear two-dimensional (1)H/(1)H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, and heteronuclear (1)H/(13)C HSQC, HSQC-TOCSY, HMBC, and (1)H/(31)P HMBC experiments. The set and structure of the polymers revealed as well as the cell wall sugars (galactose, glucose, mannose, glucosamine) and glycerol can be used in microbiological practice for taxonomic purposes.

  NMR spectroscopy, cell wall, Arthrobacter uratoxydans, cell wall sugars, glycosyl 1-phoshate polymer

  NCBI PubMed ID: 23240567
  Publication DOI: 10.1134/S0006297912110089
  Journal NLM ID: 0376536
  Publisher: Nauka/Interperiodica
  Correspondence: potekhina56@mail.ru
  Institutions: Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, sugar analysis, 31P NMR, acid hydrolysis, chemical methods, paper chromatography, NMR-1D, HF treatment, paper electrophoresis
  
   
  
  Arthrobacter uratoxydans VKM Ac-1979T
  CSDB ID 28589 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4945
  Shashkov AS, Streshinskaya GM, Tul'skaya EM, Senchenkova SN, Baryshnikova LM, Dmitrenok AS, Ostash BE, Fedorenko VA "Cell wall glycopolymers of Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces albidoflavus and Streptomyces pathocidini" - Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 109(7) (2016) 923-936
  

  The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini were investigated. The structures of the glycopolymers were established using a combination of chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. The cell wall of S. albus subsp. albus VKM Ac-35(T) was found to be comprised of three glycopolymers, viz. unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1→8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→8)-α-Kdnp-(2→]n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n >/= 3. The cell walls of 'S. albus' J1074 and 'S. albus' R1-100 were found to contain three glycopolymers of identical structures, viz. unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1→9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→9)-α-Kdnp-(2→]n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1→9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. The cell wall of S. pathocidini (formerly S. albus subsp. pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598(T) was found to contain two glycopolymers, viz. 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-.

  cell wall, teichoic acid, Streptomyces, teichulosonic acid, NMR-spectroscopy, Poly(glycosyl 1-phosphate)

  NCBI PubMed ID: 27055525
  Publication DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0691-8
  Journal NLM ID: 0372625
  Publisher: Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic
  Correspondence: streshinskaya@mail.ru
  Institutions: All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (VKM), G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia, ND Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia, 119991, School of Biology MV, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob'evy gory 1 Stroenie 12, Moscow, Russia, 119991, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, sugar analysis, dephosphorylation, 31P NMR, acid hydrolysis, GLC, paper chromatography, NMR-1D, alkaline hydrolysis, paper electrophoresis
  
   
  
  Streptomyces albus ssp. albus VKM Ac-35T
  CSDB ID 11777 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 6296
  Potekhina NV, Ariskina EV, Shashkov AS, Tul'skaya EM, Evtushenko LI "Cell Wall Glycopolymers as a Diagnostic Trait of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes" - Mikrobiologiia = Microbiology [Russian] 91(3) (2022) 259-266
  

  The composition and structure of the cell wall glycopolymers from Arthrobacter crystallopoietes VKM Ac-1107T (family Micrococcaceae, phylum Actinobacteria), previously assigned to the “A. globiformis” group based on the high similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequences and traditional chemotaxonomic markers were studied. Teichoic acid—1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-glucose residues, and diglycosyl 1-phosphate polymer with -6)-α-D-GalpNAc-(1→6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-repeating unit were identified by chemical and NMR spectroscopy methods. The results of phylogenomic (taxogenomic) analysis, viz. determination of the average amino acid identity (AAI) and the similarity of conserved proteins (POCP), indicate that A. crystallopoietes belongs to a new genus and the composition of the cell wall glycopolymers may serve as a diagnostic characteristic of this genus, which will be described on the basis of A. crystallopoietes.

  teichoic acids, Arthrobacter crystallopoietes, cell wall glycopolymers, systematics, taxogenomics

  Publication DOI: 10.1134/S0026261722300051
  Journal NLM ID: 0376652
  Publisher: Moskva: Izdatelstvo Nauka
  Correspondence: N.V. Potekhina
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (VKM), Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, 31P NMR, acid hydrolysis, paper chromatography, electrophoresis, phylogenetic analysis
  
   
  
  Arthrobacter crystallopoietes VKM Ac-1107T
  CSDB ID 21127 (all data & tools)