Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: EPS, O-polysaccharide, O-antigen, polysaccharide, mannan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_144983,IEDB_152206,IEDB_76920,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_72

• Article ID: 323
  Matsuo K, Isogai E, Araki Y "Occurrence of [->3)-b-D-Manp-(1->4)-b-D-Manp-(1->]n units in the antigenic polysaccharides from Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc strain Patoc I" - Carbohydrate Research 328(4) (2000) 517-524
  

  In this study, we isolated three kinds of antigenic polysaccharide components (tentatively designed as AP-1-3) from cells of Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc strain Patoc I (L. biflexa patoc Patoc I) by the hot phenol-water procedure, followed by treatment with mild acid and column chromatography. Two of them (AP-1 and AP-2) were recovered from the phenol-soluble fraction whereas another (AP-3) was recovered from the aqueous fraction. All of them reacted toward an anti-L. biflexa serum and also cross-reacted in similar extents toward most of the other leptospiral antisera tested. Such immunoreactions were specifically inhibited by a β-(1→4)-linked mannobiose, but were not by any mono- and oligosaccharide tested. From their structural analyses including 1H and 13C NMR spectrometry, Smith degradation and methylation analysis, it was revealed that all of these antigenic polysaccharides had the same disaccharide unit →3)-β-D-Manp-(1→4)-β-D-Manp-(→ in their major polysaccharide parts, but they differed in the acyl substituents. Therefore it is most likely that such mannobiose unit is a candidate for the antigenic epitopes of L. biflexa polysaccharides.

  genus-specific antigen, Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide, antigenic polysaccharide, Leptospira biflexa

  NCBI PubMed ID: 11093707
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: araki@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
  Institutions: Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, SDS-PAGE, ELISA, GLC
  
   
  
  Leptospira biflexa Patoc I
  CSDB ID 7701 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 8298
  Gorin PAJ "Assignment of signals of the carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectrum of a selected polysaccharide: comments on methodology" - Carbohydrate Research 39 (1975) 3-10
  

  The mannan from Rhodotorula glutinis contains alternate (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked β-D-mannopyranose residues (1) and its carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectrum displays 12 signals. These were assigned in terms of the positions of their parent nuclei in the sugar rings [but not whether the signals arose from a (1→3)- or (1→4)-linked residue] by preparation of D-mannans from specifically deuterated D-glucoses and observation of α- and β-deuterium isotope-effects. Individual assignments could then be made for carbon atoms of each unit by using the spectra of known oligo- and polysaccharides. The signal displacements of certain 13C nuclei observed on O-methylation were compared with those obtained on O-mannosylation in order to determine whether methyl ethers could be used as model compounds for signal assignments in spectra of mannose-containing polysaccharides. The displacements observed were in the same direction and of a similar order of magnitude. An assessment is made of the use of the various techniques in assigning signals of polysaccharides and their possible interpretation in terms of chemical structure

  mannan, Rhodotorula glutinis

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82631-2
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Prairie Regional Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
  Methods: 13C NMR, methylation, acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, isotopic labeling, evaporation
  
   
  
  Rhodotorula glutinis
  CSDB ID 49228 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 8313
  Matsuo K, Isogai E, Araki Y "Utilization of exocellular mannan from Rhodotorula glutinis as an immunoreactive antigen in diagnosis of leptospirosis" - Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38(10) (2000) 3750-3754
  

  Previously, Rhodotorula glutinis was reported to produce a large amount of exocellular mannan, having a repeating unit of →3)-D-Manp-(1→4)-D-Manp-(1→. Recently, we found that antigenic polysaccharides of Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc strain Patoc I have the same repeating unit and cross-react with antisera raised against extended strains of other leptospires (K. Matsuo, E. Isogai, and Y. Araki, Carbohydr. Res., in press). This structural identity and the difficulty of producing and isolating antigens led us to confirm the usefulness of Rhodotorula mannan as an immunoreactive antigen in a serological diagnosis of leptospirosis. In the present investigation, we confirmed the structural identity of an exocellular mannan isolated from R. glutinis AHU 3479 and tried to use it as an immunoreactive antigen in a serological diagnosis of leptospirosis. From its chemical analysis and 1H- and 13C-labeled nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, the Rhodotorula mannan was confirmed to consist of the same disaccharide units. Furthermore, such a preparation was shown to immunoreact to various sera from patients suffering with leptospirosis as well as to most rabbit antiserum preparations obtained from immunization with various strains of pathogenic leptospires. Therefore, the Rhodotorula mannan preparation is useful as an immunoreactive antigen in the serological diagnosis for leptospirosis

  antigen, Rhodotorula glutinis, exocellular mannan, leptospirosis

  NCBI PubMed ID: 11015396
  Publication DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.10.3750-3754.2000
  Journal NLM ID: 7505564
  Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
  Correspondence: araki@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
  Institutions: Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, GC-MS, ELISA, acid hydrolysis, Smith degradation, serological methods, enzymatic digestion, extraction, periodate oxidation, acetylation, methylation analysis, reduction, cell growth, precipitation, phenol-sulfuric acid assay
  
   
  
  Rhodotorula glutinis AHU 3479, Leptospira biflexa sv. patoc Patoc I
  CSDB ID 49252 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_131173,IEDB_133966,IEDB_133967,IEDB_134618,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144995,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_1539315,IEDB_173895,IEDB_76920,IEDB_858578,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_44,SB_72

• Article ID: 1467
  Knirel YA, Kocharova NA, Bystrova OV, Katzenellenbogen E, Gamian A "Structures and serology of the O-specific polysaccharides of bacteria of the genus Citrobacter" - Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis 50(6) (2002) 379-391
  

  The review presents the structures of the O-specific polysaccharides (O-antigens) of the lipopolysaccharides isolated from over 25 Citrobacter strains, which represent different species and serogroups. The correlation between O-antigen structure and immunospecificity as well as numerous cross-reactions between Citrobacter and other enterobacterial species are discussed.

  Lipopolysaccharide, structure, O-antigen, O-specific polysaccharide, serology, Citrobacter, immunospecificity

  NCBI PubMed ID: 12546064
  Journal NLM ID: 0114365
  Publisher: Basel, Boston: Birkhaüser
  Correspondence: knirel@ioc.ac.ru
  Institutions: N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Citrobacter sp. 396
  CSDB ID 31910 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 1777
  Knirel YA, Kochetkov NK "The structure of lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria. III. The structure of O-antigens: A review" - Biochemistry (Moscow) 59(12) (1994) 1325-1383
  

  This review summarizes data on the composition and structure of the O-antigens, the polysaccharide chains of the outer-membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria defining the immunospecificity of these microbial cells. Special reference is given to some structural features of the O-antigens, such as the presence of unique monosaccharides and noncarbohydrate components, masked regularity, and the occurrence in one microorganism of LPS with structurally different polysaccharide chains. Antigenic relationships between microorganisms belonging to different taxonomic groups are discussed.

  structure, O-antigen, chemical composition, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, Salmonella livingstone C1

  NCBI PubMed ID: 7533007
  Journal NLM ID: 0376536
  Publisher: Nauka/Interperiodica
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Citrobacter freundii 396
  CSDB ID 108634 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 2578
  Jann B, Prehm P, Jann K "Citrobacter O-antigens: Structure of the O-antigenic polysaccharide from Citrobacter sp. 396" - Journal of Bacteriology 134 (1978) 462-469
  
  Journal NLM ID: 2985120R
  Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
  
   
  
  Citrobacter sp. 396
  CSDB ID 131712 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4328
  Knirel YA "Structure of O-antigens" - Book: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: Structure, chemical synthesis, biogenesis and interaction with host cells (2011) Chapter 3, 41-115
  

  The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Its lipid A moiety is embedded in the membrane and serves as an anchor for the rest of the LPS molecule. The outermost repetitive glycan region of the LPS is linked to the lipid A through a core oligosaccharide (OS), and is designated as the O-specific polysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, OPS) or O-antigen. The O-antigen is the most variable portion of the LPS and provides serological specificity, which is used for bacterial serotyping. The OPS also provides protection to the microorganisms from host defenses such as complement mediated killing and phagocytosis, and is involved in interactions of bacteria with plants and bacteriophages. Studies of the OPSs ranging from the elucidation of their chemical structures and conformations to their biological and physico-chemical properties help improving classification schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, these studies contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as well as provided information to develop novel vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

  Lipopolysaccharide, synthesis, lipopolysaccharides, structure, Bacterial, host, O-antigen, O antigen, cell, O antigens, O-antigens, chemical, interaction, cells, PDF, chemical synthesis, biogenesis

  Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0733-1_3
  Publisher: Springer
  Correspondence: knirel@ioc.ac.ru
  Editors: Knirel YA, Valvano MA
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Citrobacter sp. 396
  CSDB ID 27496 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: CPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_115576,IEDB_130701,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_140529,IEDB_140630,IEDB_141794,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151528,IEDB_152206,IEDB_153543,IEDB_153755,IEDB_164174,IEDB_167069,IEDB_190606,IEDB_423153,IEDB_76920,IEDB_76933,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_192,SB_195,SB_197,SB_44,SB_67,SB_7,SB_72,SB_88

• Article ID: 1967
  Rao AS, Roy N, Nimmich W "Structural studies on Klebsiella type 61 capsular polysaccharide" - Carbohydrate Research 67(2) (1978) 449-456
  

  The capsular polysaccharide from klebsiella type 61 was found to contain d-galactose, d-glucose, d-mannose, and d-glucuronic acid in the ratios 1:2:1:1. Acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide gave one aldobiouronic acid, whose structure was established. Methylation analysis of the polysaccharide provided information about the linkages in the polysaccharide. The polysaccharide is composed of a pentasaccharide repeating unit for which structures are proposed.

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)84132-4
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Department of Macromolecules, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta - 700032 India, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Epidemiologie der Universität Rostock, DDR-25 Rostock GDR
  Methods: gel filtration, methylation, GLC-MS, sugar analysis, acid hydrolysis, GLC, carboxyl reduction, paper chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, optical rotation measurement
  
   
  
  Klebsiella sp. K61
  CSDB ID 113352 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Trivial name: cell-surface mannan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_131173,IEDB_133966,IEDB_133967,IEDB_134618,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141793,IEDB_141795,IEDB_141828,IEDB_141829,IEDB_141830,IEDB_141831,IEDB_141832,IEDB_141833,IEDB_141834,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144995,IEDB_152206,IEDB_153220,IEDB_153762,IEDB_153763,IEDB_1539315,IEDB_164480,IEDB_173895,IEDB_76920,IEDB_76933,IEDB_857732,IEDB_857735,IEDB_858578,IEDB_983930,SB_136,SB_191,SB_196,SB_198,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 3844
  Ferreira JA, Azevedo NF, Vieira MJ, Figueiredo C, Goodfellow BJ, Monteiro MA, Coimbra MA "Identification of cell-surface mannans in a virulent Helicobacter pylori strain" - Carbohydrate Research 345(6) (2010) 830-838
  

  With the intent of contributing to a carbohydrate-based vaccine against the gastroduodenal pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, we report here the structure of cell-surface mannans obtained from a virulent strain. Unlike other wild-type strains, this strain was found to express in good quantities this polysaccharide in vitro. Structural analysis revealed a branched mannan formed by a backbone of α-(1→6)-linked mannopyranosyl residues with approximately 80% branching at the O-2 position. The branches were composed of O-2-linked Man residues in both α- and β-configurations: [abstract: see text]. In addition, this strain also expressed cell-surface emblematic H. pylori lipopolysaccharides (LPS) containing partially fucosylated polyLacNAc O-chains. Affinity assays with polymyxin-B and concanavalin A revealed no association between the mannan and the LPS. The described mannans may be implicated in the mediation of host-microbial interactions and immunological modulation.

  Lipopolysaccharide, Helicobacter pylori, vaccine, mannan, cell-surface glycans

  NCBI PubMed ID: 20227685
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.01.022
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: mac@ua.pt
  Institutions: Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, LEPAE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal, Medical Faculty of Porto, Porto, Portugal, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, 31P NMR, composition analysis, affinity chromatography
  
   
  
  Helicobacter pylori 968
  CSDB ID 25245 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115576,IEDB_130701,IEDB_131173,IEDB_133966,IEDB_133967,IEDB_134618,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141111,IEDB_141795,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_152206,IEDB_153756,IEDB_1539315,IEDB_164174,IEDB_164175,IEDB_164176,IEDB_164177,IEDB_164479,IEDB_164480,IEDB_173895,IEDB_174840,IEDB_241100,IEDB_76920,IEDB_76933,IEDB_858578,IEDB_983930,SB_136,SB_196,SB_197,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 4328
  Knirel YA "Structure of O-antigens" - Book: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: Structure, chemical synthesis, biogenesis and interaction with host cells (2011) Chapter 3, 41-115
  

  The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Its lipid A moiety is embedded in the membrane and serves as an anchor for the rest of the LPS molecule. The outermost repetitive glycan region of the LPS is linked to the lipid A through a core oligosaccharide (OS), and is designated as the O-specific polysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, OPS) or O-antigen. The O-antigen is the most variable portion of the LPS and provides serological specificity, which is used for bacterial serotyping. The OPS also provides protection to the microorganisms from host defenses such as complement mediated killing and phagocytosis, and is involved in interactions of bacteria with plants and bacteriophages. Studies of the OPSs ranging from the elucidation of their chemical structures and conformations to their biological and physico-chemical properties help improving classification schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, these studies contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as well as provided information to develop novel vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

  Lipopolysaccharide, synthesis, lipopolysaccharides, structure, Bacterial, host, O-antigen, O antigen, cell, O antigens, O-antigens, chemical, interaction, cells, PDF, chemical synthesis, biogenesis

  Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0733-1_3
  Publisher: Springer
  Correspondence: knirel@ioc.ac.ru
  Editors: Knirel YA, Valvano MA
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Klebsiella pneumoniae O3, Hafnia alvei 1223
  CSDB ID 27529 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_144983,IEDB_152206,IEDB_76920,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_72

• Article ID: 4591
  Paszkiewicz M, Tokarska-Pietrzak E, Golebiowski M, Kunikowska D, Stepnowski P "Plasmid- and chromosomal genes-encoded two separate O-polysaccharide chains of Salmonella Uccle (O:3,54) - Structural elucidation" - Journal of Structural Biology 184(2) (2013) 367-374
  

  The bacterium Salmonella Uccle belongs to serotype O:54 in the Kauffmann'a-White scheme. Group O: 54 is unique among the serogroups belonging to the genus Salmonella. Normally, the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the repeating units of somatic antigen are encoded by a set of genes, located in the region of the bacterial chromosome. Expression of O54 factor is associated with the presence of the plasmid. Factor O54 can be lost spontaneously in the subcultures of some serotypes. In these cases, the O54 negative variants become indistinguishable from the serotypes classified in other groups. We noticed lower activity of LPS-u O:3,54 with rabbit sera against antigens O:3, when compared with the activity of sera anti-A:54, which may indicate a partial inhibition of the expression of factor O:3 on the surface of the bacterial cell. The main aim of our study was to answer the question whether the products of different biosynthetic pathways combine on the outer side of the cytoplasmic membrane, thus forming a single chain or separate chains. Therefore, the O-polysaccharides (O-antigen) of Salmonella Uccle O:3,54 were isolated by mild acid degradation of both obtained LPSs and their structure was established using sugar and methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The primary structure of two separate O-polysaccharide chains isolated from Salmonella Uccle were established.

  NMR, O antigen, plasmid, Salmonella Uccle, sugar analysis

  NCBI PubMed ID: 23959167
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.08.004
  Journal NLM ID: 9011206
  Correspondence: monikapasz@wp.pl
  Institutions: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, methylation, sugar analysis, GLC, mild acid hydrolysis
  
   
  
  Salmonella Uccle O3,54
  CSDB ID 29709 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: homopolymer ; n=2-60
Trivial name: mannogen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_131173,IEDB_133966,IEDB_133967,IEDB_134618,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144995,IEDB_152206,IEDB_1539315,IEDB_173895,IEDB_76920,IEDB_858578,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_72

• Article ID: 5998
  Sernee MF, Nero TL, Sobala LF, Klorhn J, Viera-Lara MA, Cobbold SA, Stanton L, Pireas DEV, Hanssen E, Males A, Ward T, Bastidas LM, van der Peet PL, Parker MW, Ascher DB, Wiolliams SJ, Davies GJ, McConville MJ "A Family of Dual-Activity Glycosyltransferase-Phosphorylases Mediates Mannogen Turnover and Virulence in Leishmania Parasites" - Cell Host and Microbe 26(3) (2019) 385-399
  

  Parasitic protists belonging to the genus Leishmania synthesize the non-canonical carbohydrate reserve, mannogen, which is composed of β-1,2-mannan oligosaccharides. Here, we identify a class of dual-activity mannosyltransferase/phosphorylases (MTPs) that catalyze both the sugar nucleotide-dependent biosynthesis and phosphorolytic turnover of mannogen. Structural and phylogenic analysis shows that while the MTPs are structurally related to bacterial mannan phosphorylases, they constitute a distinct family of glycosyltransferases (GT108) that have likely been acquired by horizontal gene transfer from gram-positive bacteria. The seven MTPs catalyze the constitutive synthesis and turnover of mannogen. This metabolic rheostat protects obligate intracellular parasite stages from nutrient excess, and is essential for thermotolerance and parasite infectivity in the mammalian host. Our results suggest that the acquisition and expansion of the MTP family in Leishmania increased the metabolic flexibility of these protists and contributed to their capacity to colonize new host niches.

  glycosyltransferase, mannan, X-ray crystallography, carbohydrate reserve, central carbon metabolism, glycan phosphorylase, GT 108, horizontal gene transfer, parasite pathogenesis

  NCBI PubMed ID: 31513773
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.08.009
  Journal NLM ID: 101302316
  Publisher: Cambridge, MA: Cell Press
  Correspondence: malcolmm@unimelb.edu.au
  Institutions: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK, Advanced Microscopy Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
  Methods: GC-MS, X-ray, genetic methods, enzyme assay, HPAEC-PAD, microscopy, HPTLC, LC-MS, phylogenetic analysis, macrophage infection assays
  
   
  
  Leishmania
  CSDB ID 7368 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: homopolymer ; 6370
Trivial name: mannan
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_144983,IEDB_152206,IEDB_76920,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_72

• Article ID: 6076
  Jin P, Liang Z, Li H, Chen C, Xue Y, Du Q "Biosynthesis of low-molecular-weight mannan using metabolically engineered Bacillus subtilis 168" - Carbohydrate Polymers 251 (2021) 117115
  

  Mannans are functional polysaccharides with unique biological activities that have been employed widely in food, medicine and pharmaceutics. Recent breakthroughs in plant polysaccharide metabolism identified numerous genes involved in the biosynthesis of mannans. However, constructing highly efficient low-cost microbial cell factories to produce low-molecular-weight (LMW) mannans remains challenging. In this work, we designed a de novo mannan synthetic pathway in food-grade Bacillus subtilis, resulting in mannan accumulation of 0.97 g/L. By co-expressing the identified committed genes (manC, manB, manA and pgi), mannan production was significantly increased to 2.5 g/L. Furthermore, by redirecting the carbon flux using a glucose-repressed promoter to control pfkA expression, mannan production was substantially increased to 4.1 g/L. Production was further enhanced to 12.6 g/L (average MW 6370 Da) in 3-L fed-batch fermentation. This work provides alternative synthetic pathways for metabolic engineering of LMW mannans in B. subtilis, and a useful, optimisable approach to enhance mannans production.

  Bacillus subtilis, Metabolic engineering, De novosynthetic pathway, functional polysaccharide, low-molecular-weight mannan, redirecting carbon flux

  NCBI PubMed ID: 33142650
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117115
  Journal NLM ID: 8307156
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: jinpeng@zafu.edu.cn; qizhendu@163.com
  Institutions: College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China, Technology Center of Haikou Customs District China, Haikou 570311, China, Institute of Microbial Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
  Methods: GC-MS, FTIR, biochemical methods, RT-PCR, glycoengineering, DNA manipulation, HPLC-GPC-RI, OD
  
   
  
  Bacillus subtilis 168 EM01
  CSDB ID 10872 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; <1300000
Trivial name: alginate
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_144983,IEDB_152206,IEDB_76920,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_72

• Article ID: 6248
  Jeong JP, Kim Y, Hu Y, Jung S "Bacterial Succinoglycans: Structure, Physical Properties, and Applications" - Polymers 14(2) (2022) 276
  

  Succinoglycan is a type of bacterial anionic exopolysaccharide produced from Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, and other soil bacteria. The exact structure of succinoglycan depends in part on the type of bacterial strain, and the final production yield also depends on the medium composition, culture conditions, and genotype of each strain. Various bacterial polysaccharides, such as cellulose, xanthan, gellan, and pullulan, that can be mass-produced for biotechnology are being actively studied. However, in the case of succinoglycan, a bacterial polysaccharide, relatively few reports on production strains or chemical and structural characteristics have been published. Physical properties of succinoglycan, a non-Newtonian and shear thinning fluid, have been reported according to the ratio of substituents (pyruvyl, succinyl, acetyl group), molecular weight (Mw), and measurement conditions (concentration, temperature, pH, metal ion, etc.). Due to its unique rheological properties, succinoglycan has been mainly used as a thickener and emulsifier in the cosmetic and food industries. However, in recent reports, succinoglycan and its derivatives have been used as functional biomaterials, e.g., in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems, therapeutics, and cell culture scaffolds. This suggests a new and expanded application of succinoglycan as promising biomaterials in biomedical fields, such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and pharmaceuticals using drug delivery.

  bacterial polysaccharides, succinoglycan, application, Biomaterials, hydrogels

  NCBI PubMed ID: 35054683
  Publication DOI: 10.3390/polym14020276
  Journal NLM ID: 101545357
  Publisher: Basel: MDPI
  Correspondence: Seunho Jung
  Institutions: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea, Department of Systems Biotechnology, Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (UBITA), Center for Biotechnology Research in UBITA (CBRU), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
  
   
  
  Pseudomonas, Azotobacter
  CSDB ID 21011 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_133966,IEDB_133967,IEDB_134618,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141111,IEDB_141793,IEDB_141828,IEDB_141829,IEDB_141830,IEDB_141831,IEDB_141832,IEDB_142357,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144995,IEDB_152206,IEDB_153220,IEDB_153762,IEDB_1539315,IEDB_164174,IEDB_164175,IEDB_164176,IEDB_164479,IEDB_174840,IEDB_76920,IEDB_76933,IEDB_857732,IEDB_857735,IEDB_858578,IEDB_983930,SB_136,SB_191,SB_196,SB_197,SB_198,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 6390
  Bovina EV, Deryabin VV, Lange AV, Yarotskii SV "Structure of mannan from the yeast Candida maltosa" - Prikladnaya Biokhimia i Microbiologia = Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology [Russian] 22 (1986) 679-683
  
  Journal NLM ID: 0023416
  Publisher: Moskva: Izdatelstvo Nauka
  
   
  
  Candida maltosa
  CSDB ID 147417 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: homopolymer ; n=1-5
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_144983,IEDB_152206,IEDB_76920,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_72

• Article ID: 6407
  Saxena A, Hammer CF, Cihlar RL "Analysis of mannans of two relatively avirulent mutant strains of Candida albicans" - Infection and Immunity 57 (1989) 413-419
  

  We previously reported the isolation of two cerulenin-resistant mutant strains of Candida albicans 4918 that differ in adherence properties and are less virulent than the parental strain. In addition, biochemical characterization demonstrated significant differences in both protein and polysaccharide composition of cell wall material between the mutant and wild-type strains. These observations prompted studies concerning the chemical structure of mannans in these strains. After extraction and subsequent purification by ion-exchange chromatography, mannan fractions were subjected to either mild acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis, or acetylation followed by acetolysis. Acid- and alkali-modified mannans were studied by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and released products were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography on an Aminex HPX-42A column. The results demonstrated quantitative and qualitative differences between mannooligosaccharides of the wild-type and mutant strains in the identity of released oligosaccharides as well as in linkage of the oligosaccharides to the protein backbone.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 2643567
  Journal NLM ID: 0246127
  Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
  Institutions: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20007
  Methods: acid hydrolysis, HPLC, acetylation, acid degradation, acetolysis, gel-filtration, precipitation, thin-layer chromatography, PMR, alkali degradation
  
   
  
  Candida albicans 4918
  CSDB ID 130222 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: oligomer
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_131173,IEDB_133966,IEDB_133967,IEDB_134618,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144995,IEDB_152206,IEDB_1539315,IEDB_164177,IEDB_164479,IEDB_173895,IEDB_76920,IEDB_858578,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 6427
  Faille C, Wieruszeski JM, Lepage G, Michalski JC, Poulain D, Strecker G "1H NMR spectroscopy of manno-oligosaccharides of the b-1,2-linked series released from the phosphopeptidomannan of Candida albicans vw-32 (serotype A)" - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 181 (1991) 1251-1258
  

  Manno-oligosaccharides (DP 2 to greater than 15) were released by mild acid hydrolysis from the phosphopeptidomannan of a Candida albicans strain of A serotype (VW-32). Manno-oligosaccharides ranging from biose to heptaose were obtained in appreciable amount. Structural investigation of these oligosaccharides showed them to be of the β-1,2-linked series. The occurrence of such compounds has already been reported in other strains of Candida albicans. We here report the assignment of the structural reporter groups of each of them, and general rules applicable for the 1H-NMR spectrum analysis of linear manno-oligosaccharide of general structure: Man(β-1--2) [Man(β-1--2)]nMan

  NCBI PubMed ID: 1764074
  Journal NLM ID: 0372516
  Publisher: Academic Press
  Institutions: Unité 42, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Villeneuve, d'Ascq, France
  Methods: 1H NMR, acid hydrolysis
  
   
  
  Candida albicans A VW-32
  CSDB ID 105589 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: oligomer
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_131173,IEDB_133966,IEDB_133967,IEDB_134618,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144995,IEDB_152206,IEDB_1539315,IEDB_164177,IEDB_164479,IEDB_173895,IEDB_76920,IEDB_858578,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 6427
  Faille C, Wieruszeski JM, Lepage G, Michalski JC, Poulain D, Strecker G "1H NMR spectroscopy of manno-oligosaccharides of the b-1,2-linked series released from the phosphopeptidomannan of Candida albicans vw-32 (serotype A)" - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 181 (1991) 1251-1258
  

  Manno-oligosaccharides (DP 2 to greater than 15) were released by mild acid hydrolysis from the phosphopeptidomannan of a Candida albicans strain of A serotype (VW-32). Manno-oligosaccharides ranging from biose to heptaose were obtained in appreciable amount. Structural investigation of these oligosaccharides showed them to be of the β-1,2-linked series. The occurrence of such compounds has already been reported in other strains of Candida albicans. We here report the assignment of the structural reporter groups of each of them, and general rules applicable for the 1H-NMR spectrum analysis of linear manno-oligosaccharide of general structure: Man(β-1--2) [Man(β-1--2)]nMan

  NCBI PubMed ID: 1764074
  Journal NLM ID: 0372516
  Publisher: Academic Press
  Institutions: Unité 42, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Villeneuve, d'Ascq, France
  Methods: 1H NMR, acid hydrolysis
  
   
  
  Candida albicans A VW-32
  CSDB ID 105590 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_131173,IEDB_133966,IEDB_133967,IEDB_134618,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144995,IEDB_152206,IEDB_1539315,IEDB_164177,IEDB_164479,IEDB_173895,IEDB_76920,IEDB_858578,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 6427
  Faille C, Wieruszeski JM, Lepage G, Michalski JC, Poulain D, Strecker G "1H NMR spectroscopy of manno-oligosaccharides of the b-1,2-linked series released from the phosphopeptidomannan of Candida albicans vw-32 (serotype A)" - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 181 (1991) 1251-1258
  

  Manno-oligosaccharides (DP 2 to greater than 15) were released by mild acid hydrolysis from the phosphopeptidomannan of a Candida albicans strain of A serotype (VW-32). Manno-oligosaccharides ranging from biose to heptaose were obtained in appreciable amount. Structural investigation of these oligosaccharides showed them to be of the β-1,2-linked series. The occurrence of such compounds has already been reported in other strains of Candida albicans. We here report the assignment of the structural reporter groups of each of them, and general rules applicable for the 1H-NMR spectrum analysis of linear manno-oligosaccharide of general structure: Man(β-1--2) [Man(β-1--2)]nMan

  NCBI PubMed ID: 1764074
  Journal NLM ID: 0372516
  Publisher: Academic Press
  Institutions: Unité 42, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Villeneuve, d'Ascq, France
  Methods: 1H NMR, acid hydrolysis
  
   
  
  Candida albicans A VW-32
  CSDB ID 105591 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: factor 5 antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_131173,IEDB_133966,IEDB_133967,IEDB_134618,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144995,IEDB_152206,IEDB_1539315,IEDB_164177,IEDB_164479,IEDB_173895,IEDB_76920,IEDB_858578,IEDB_983930,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 6427
  Faille C, Wieruszeski JM, Lepage G, Michalski JC, Poulain D, Strecker G "1H NMR spectroscopy of manno-oligosaccharides of the b-1,2-linked series released from the phosphopeptidomannan of Candida albicans vw-32 (serotype A)" - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 181 (1991) 1251-1258
  

  Manno-oligosaccharides (DP 2 to greater than 15) were released by mild acid hydrolysis from the phosphopeptidomannan of a Candida albicans strain of A serotype (VW-32). Manno-oligosaccharides ranging from biose to heptaose were obtained in appreciable amount. Structural investigation of these oligosaccharides showed them to be of the β-1,2-linked series. The occurrence of such compounds has already been reported in other strains of Candida albicans. We here report the assignment of the structural reporter groups of each of them, and general rules applicable for the 1H-NMR spectrum analysis of linear manno-oligosaccharide of general structure: Man(β-1--2) [Man(β-1--2)]nMan

  NCBI PubMed ID: 1764074
  Journal NLM ID: 0372516
  Publisher: Academic Press
  Institutions: Unité 42, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Villeneuve, d'Ascq, France
  Methods: 1H NMR, acid hydrolysis
  
   
  
  Candida albicans A VW-32
  CSDB ID 105592 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 6622
  Suzuki S "Immunochemical study on mannan, the antigenic polysaccharide of pathogenic yeasts in man of genus Candida" - Yakugaku Zasshi = Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan [Japanese] 115 (1995) 280-294
  

  This article accounts for the development of immunochemical studies on the antigenic polysaccharide, mannan, a major antigen of pathogenic yeast in man, genus Candida, in order to determine the chemical structures dominating the serological specificities of the parent cells as follows. 1. The serological classification system of 7 medically important Candida species by detecting 10 antigenic factors, 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 13b, and 34 the corresponding antisera, established by Tsuchiya and his coworkers is documented. 2. The structural studies of Candida mannans until early 1980s, which did not include any evidence for the presence of β-1,2-linked Man unit, the common constituent of antigenic factors, 5, and 6, are also reviewed. 3. The process of structural identification of antigenic factor 5 residing in the mannans of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. stellatoidea, in the phosphate-bound form of β-1,2 linked mannooligosaccharides, is summarized. 4. The results of structural identification of antigenic factors 4 and 6 in the mannans of the acid-stable domains of C. albicans are summarized as follows: In order to isolate oligosaccharides containing β-1,2 and α-1,6 linkages, a modified acetolysis method under mild conditions was established. By means of this procedure, oligosaccharides corresponding to antigenic factors 4 and 6 were successfully isolated, and their structures determined, subsequently. 5. Furthermore, effects of the alteration of cultivation conditions, carbon source, pH and temperature, on the chemical structure of mannans, especially of decrease and/or loss of densities of antigenic factors, 4, 5 and 6, are documented, because of the significance of these findings as basic concepts for in situ assay of Candida cells by antibody-staining technique in patients' foci.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 7541458
  Journal NLM ID: 0413613
  Publisher: Tokyo: Nihon Yakugakkai
  Institutions: Tohoku College of Pharmacy, Sendai, Japan
  
   
  
  Candida albicans A, Candida albicans B, Candida stellatoidea, Candida tropicalis
  CSDB ID 149846 (all data & tools)