Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164479,IEDB_983930,SB_136,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 339
  Nnalue NA, Lindberg AA "O-antigenic determinants in Salmonella species of serogroup C1 are expressed in distinct immunochemical populations of chains" - Microbiology 143(2) (1997) 641-652
  

  The O-antigenic specificities found among Salmonellae of serogroup C1 are O:6(1),7, O:6(2),7, O:6(1),6(2),7 and O:6,7,14, as defined by classical serology. Factor O:7 is the group-wide determinant while factors O:6(1), O:6(2) and O:14 are found in some strains but not others. Strains of the O:6(2),7 specificity are subject to lysogenic conversion by phages 6(1) and 14 to the O:6(1),7 and O:6,7,14 specificities, respectively. To further delineate antigenic complexity and serological relationships among strains of this serogroup monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated against the O:6(1),6(2),7 polysaccharide of Salmonella thompson. Five mAbs of either the O:6(1) or O:6(2) specificities did not bind O:6,7,14 strains or LPS, showing that the O:6 determinant in these strains is neither O:6(1) nor O:6(2). Thus antigenic conversion of O:6(2),7 strains by phage 14 is accompanied by addition of O:14 as well as loss of O:6(2). Three mAbs which demonstrated group-wide reactivity, and were thus specific for O:7, recognized clearly by separable epitopes hereby defined as sub-specificities, O:7(1), O:7(2) and O:7(3). Immunoblotting of mAbs against electrophoretically resolved LPS showed that factors O:6(1) and O:6(2) are expressed only in LPS molecules of high molecular mass whereas O:7(2) and O:7(3) are expressed only in relatively low-molecular-mass chains. These results are consistent with the expression of different antigenic determinants in structurally distinct subpopulations of O chains. The implications of the existence of distinct subpopulation of chains is that the published structure of the O:6,7 repeat unit is not fully representative of the O-antigenic structure of this group

  Salmonella LPS, LPS epitopes, O-antigenic complexity, O-antigen populations, antigenic conversionchain

  NCBI PubMed ID: 9043141
  Journal NLM ID: 0376646
  Publisher: Washington, DC: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
  Institutions: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, Karolinska Institute, Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Huddinge Hospital, S-14186, Huddinge, Sweden
  Methods: SDS-PAGE, ELISA, immunoblotting
  
   
  
  Salmonella thompson C1, Salmonella thompson O61, Salmonella thompson O62, Salmonella thompson O7
  CSDB ID 7762 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 1777
  Knirel YA, Kochetkov NK "The structure of lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria. III. The structure of O-antigens: A review" - Biochemistry (Moscow) 59(12) (1994) 1325-1383
  

  This review summarizes data on the composition and structure of the O-antigens, the polysaccharide chains of the outer-membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria defining the immunospecificity of these microbial cells. Special reference is given to some structural features of the O-antigens, such as the presence of unique monosaccharides and noncarbohydrate components, masked regularity, and the occurrence in one microorganism of LPS with structurally different polysaccharide chains. Antigenic relationships between microorganisms belonging to different taxonomic groups are discussed.

  structure, O-antigen, chemical composition, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, Salmonella livingstone C1

  NCBI PubMed ID: 7533007
  Journal NLM ID: 0376536
  Publisher: Nauka/Interperiodica
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Salmonella thompson C1
  CSDB ID 108603 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 2099
  Lindberg B, Leontein K, Lindquist U, Svenson SB, Wrangsell G, Dell A, Rogers M "Structural studies of the O-antigen polysaccharide of Salmonella thompson, serogroup C1 (6,7)" - Carbohydrate Research 174 (1988) 313-322
  

  The structure of the O-antigen polysaccharide of Salmonella thompson, serogroup C1 (6,7) has been investigated mainly by methylation analysis, n.m.r. spectroscopy, specific degradations by a phage-associated enzyme, N-deacetylation-deamination, and f.a.b.-m.s. It is concluded that the structure involves the following repeating unit. (formula; see text) There are two populations of chains, with and without α-D-glucopyranosyl groups, 3-linked to an α-D-Manp residue, and only the latter type is hydrolysed by the phage enzyme. The alpha linkage of the third Manp residue is cleaved by the O14 phage enzyme. The structure, with or without the α-D-glucopyranosyl group, represents the biological repeating-unit.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 3378232
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, University of Stockholm, Sweden
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, FAB-MS
  
   
  
  Salmonella thompson C1, Salmonella thompson 6, Salmonella thompson 7
  CSDB ID 115242 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 3846
  Gajdus J, Glosnicka R, Szafranek J "Primary structure of Salmonella spp. O-antigens" - Wiadomosci Chemiczne [Polish] 60(9-10) (2006) 621-653
  

  Salmonella spp. are pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria that belong to Enterobacteriaceae family with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a constituent of cell wall. This is an integral component of the outer membrane of the wall. Salmonella smooth (S) forms produce LPS, which is composed of three parts, chemically bonded together viz. polysaccharide O-antigen, oligosaccharide core region and lipid A. Antigens O (O-PS) together with H flagella antigens are the foundation of serological classification of these bacteria. O-chain, which is built with up to 50 oligosaccharide repeating units, is one of the products of mild acidic hydrolysis of LPS. Due to the fact that polysaccharide antigens are the sites of specific antibody complexing, any difference in primary and secondary structures of O-antigens reflect serological specificity of bacteria. Taking this fact into consideration, we can distinguish about 2541 Salmonella serotypes with O and H antigenic formulas defined [4]. In this review we present 55 chemical structures of O-antigenic repeating units of Salmonella strains including their heterogeneity structures. The structures can have 22 different monosaccharide residues usually in 3 to 6 sugar repeating units. We describe here selected chemical and spectroscopic (MS, NMR) methods for primary structure examination of these bacterial O-PS. Enzymatic and immunochemical methods are also described. Cross-reactions of Salmonella spp. with any other bacteria or blood group A, B, 0 antigens are explained on the molecular level. Thus, structural assignments of somatic antigens of Salmonella spp. allow us to understand the molecular level of the classification system of these bacteria.

  NMR spectroscopy, O-antigens, Salmonella, MS, primary structure

  WWW link: http://baztech.icm.edu.pl/baztech/cgi-bin/btgetdoc.cgi?BUS2-0016-0014
  Publisher: Polish Chemical Society
  Correspondence: jerzyg@chemik.chem.univ.gda.pl
  Institutions: Wydzial Chemii, Uniwersytet Gdanski, ul. Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdansk
  
   
  
  Salmonella thompson C1
  CSDB ID 25607 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4328
  Knirel YA "Structure of O-antigens" - Book: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: Structure, chemical synthesis, biogenesis and interaction with host cells (2011) Chapter 3, 41-115
  

  The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Its lipid A moiety is embedded in the membrane and serves as an anchor for the rest of the LPS molecule. The outermost repetitive glycan region of the LPS is linked to the lipid A through a core oligosaccharide (OS), and is designated as the O-specific polysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, OPS) or O-antigen. The O-antigen is the most variable portion of the LPS and provides serological specificity, which is used for bacterial serotyping. The OPS also provides protection to the microorganisms from host defenses such as complement mediated killing and phagocytosis, and is involved in interactions of bacteria with plants and bacteriophages. Studies of the OPSs ranging from the elucidation of their chemical structures and conformations to their biological and physico-chemical properties help improving classification schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, these studies contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as well as provided information to develop novel vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

  Lipopolysaccharide, synthesis, lipopolysaccharides, structure, Bacterial, host, O-antigen, O antigen, cell, O antigens, O-antigens, chemical, interaction, cells, PDF, chemical synthesis, biogenesis

  Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0733-1_3
  Publisher: Springer
  Correspondence: knirel@ioc.ac.ru
  Editors: Knirel YA, Valvano MA
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica sv. Thompson O6,7
  CSDB ID 27405 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Aglycon: core
Compound class: O-polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164479,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_136,SB_192,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 339
  Nnalue NA, Lindberg AA "O-antigenic determinants in Salmonella species of serogroup C1 are expressed in distinct immunochemical populations of chains" - Microbiology 143(2) (1997) 641-652
  

  The O-antigenic specificities found among Salmonellae of serogroup C1 are O:6(1),7, O:6(2),7, O:6(1),6(2),7 and O:6,7,14, as defined by classical serology. Factor O:7 is the group-wide determinant while factors O:6(1), O:6(2) and O:14 are found in some strains but not others. Strains of the O:6(2),7 specificity are subject to lysogenic conversion by phages 6(1) and 14 to the O:6(1),7 and O:6,7,14 specificities, respectively. To further delineate antigenic complexity and serological relationships among strains of this serogroup monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated against the O:6(1),6(2),7 polysaccharide of Salmonella thompson. Five mAbs of either the O:6(1) or O:6(2) specificities did not bind O:6,7,14 strains or LPS, showing that the O:6 determinant in these strains is neither O:6(1) nor O:6(2). Thus antigenic conversion of O:6(2),7 strains by phage 14 is accompanied by addition of O:14 as well as loss of O:6(2). Three mAbs which demonstrated group-wide reactivity, and were thus specific for O:7, recognized clearly by separable epitopes hereby defined as sub-specificities, O:7(1), O:7(2) and O:7(3). Immunoblotting of mAbs against electrophoretically resolved LPS showed that factors O:6(1) and O:6(2) are expressed only in LPS molecules of high molecular mass whereas O:7(2) and O:7(3) are expressed only in relatively low-molecular-mass chains. These results are consistent with the expression of different antigenic determinants in structurally distinct subpopulations of O chains. The implications of the existence of distinct subpopulation of chains is that the published structure of the O:6,7 repeat unit is not fully representative of the O-antigenic structure of this group

  Salmonella LPS, LPS epitopes, O-antigenic complexity, O-antigen populations, antigenic conversionchain

  NCBI PubMed ID: 9043141
  Journal NLM ID: 0376646
  Publisher: Washington, DC: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
  Institutions: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, Karolinska Institute, Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Huddinge Hospital, S-14186, Huddinge, Sweden
  Methods: SDS-PAGE, ELISA, immunoblotting
  
   
  
  Salmonella thompson C1, Salmonella thompson O61, Salmonella thompson O62, Salmonella thompson O7
  CSDB ID 7841 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164479,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_136,SB_192,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 1714
  Di Fabio JL, Perry MB, Brisson JR "Structure of the antigenic O-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide produced by Salmonella eimsbuettel" - Biochemistry and Cell Biology 66 (1988) 107-115
  

  The smooth lipopolysaccharide produced by Salmonella eimsbuttel, which had the O:6, O:7, and O:14 antigenic factors defined in the Kauffmann-White classification, was shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, composition analysis, methylation, periodate oxidation, deamination, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies to contain a high molecular weight O-chain polysaccharide composed of D-mannose (four parts), D-glucose (one part), and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (one part). It was a branched polymer of a repeating hexasaccharide unit having the structure (formula; see text).

  NCBI PubMed ID: 2453206
  Journal NLM ID: 8606068
  Publisher: Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada
  Institutions: Division of Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
  
   
  
  Salmonella eimsbuettel
  CSDB ID 105787 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 1777
  Knirel YA, Kochetkov NK "The structure of lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria. III. The structure of O-antigens: A review" - Biochemistry (Moscow) 59(12) (1994) 1325-1383
  

  This review summarizes data on the composition and structure of the O-antigens, the polysaccharide chains of the outer-membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria defining the immunospecificity of these microbial cells. Special reference is given to some structural features of the O-antigens, such as the presence of unique monosaccharides and noncarbohydrate components, masked regularity, and the occurrence in one microorganism of LPS with structurally different polysaccharide chains. Antigenic relationships between microorganisms belonging to different taxonomic groups are discussed.

  structure, O-antigen, chemical composition, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, Salmonella livingstone C1

  NCBI PubMed ID: 7533007
  Journal NLM ID: 0376536
  Publisher: Nauka/Interperiodica
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Salmonella eimsbuettel C4
  CSDB ID 108608 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 3846
  Gajdus J, Glosnicka R, Szafranek J "Primary structure of Salmonella spp. O-antigens" - Wiadomosci Chemiczne [Polish] 60(9-10) (2006) 621-653
  

  Salmonella spp. are pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria that belong to Enterobacteriaceae family with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a constituent of cell wall. This is an integral component of the outer membrane of the wall. Salmonella smooth (S) forms produce LPS, which is composed of three parts, chemically bonded together viz. polysaccharide O-antigen, oligosaccharide core region and lipid A. Antigens O (O-PS) together with H flagella antigens are the foundation of serological classification of these bacteria. O-chain, which is built with up to 50 oligosaccharide repeating units, is one of the products of mild acidic hydrolysis of LPS. Due to the fact that polysaccharide antigens are the sites of specific antibody complexing, any difference in primary and secondary structures of O-antigens reflect serological specificity of bacteria. Taking this fact into consideration, we can distinguish about 2541 Salmonella serotypes with O and H antigenic formulas defined [4]. In this review we present 55 chemical structures of O-antigenic repeating units of Salmonella strains including their heterogeneity structures. The structures can have 22 different monosaccharide residues usually in 3 to 6 sugar repeating units. We describe here selected chemical and spectroscopic (MS, NMR) methods for primary structure examination of these bacterial O-PS. Enzymatic and immunochemical methods are also described. Cross-reactions of Salmonella spp. with any other bacteria or blood group A, B, 0 antigens are explained on the molecular level. Thus, structural assignments of somatic antigens of Salmonella spp. allow us to understand the molecular level of the classification system of these bacteria.

  NMR spectroscopy, O-antigens, Salmonella, MS, primary structure

  WWW link: http://baztech.icm.edu.pl/baztech/cgi-bin/btgetdoc.cgi?BUS2-0016-0014
  Publisher: Polish Chemical Society
  Correspondence: jerzyg@chemik.chem.univ.gda.pl
  Institutions: Wydzial Chemii, Uniwersytet Gdanski, ul. Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdansk
  
   
  
  Salmonella eimsbuettel C4 (O7)
  CSDB ID 25613 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4328
  Knirel YA "Structure of O-antigens" - Book: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: Structure, chemical synthesis, biogenesis and interaction with host cells (2011) Chapter 3, 41-115
  

  The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Its lipid A moiety is embedded in the membrane and serves as an anchor for the rest of the LPS molecule. The outermost repetitive glycan region of the LPS is linked to the lipid A through a core oligosaccharide (OS), and is designated as the O-specific polysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, OPS) or O-antigen. The O-antigen is the most variable portion of the LPS and provides serological specificity, which is used for bacterial serotyping. The OPS also provides protection to the microorganisms from host defenses such as complement mediated killing and phagocytosis, and is involved in interactions of bacteria with plants and bacteriophages. Studies of the OPSs ranging from the elucidation of their chemical structures and conformations to their biological and physico-chemical properties help improving classification schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, these studies contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as well as provided information to develop novel vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

  Lipopolysaccharide, synthesis, lipopolysaccharides, structure, Bacterial, host, O-antigen, O antigen, cell, O antigens, O-antigens, chemical, interaction, cells, PDF, chemical synthesis, biogenesis

  Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0733-1_3
  Publisher: Springer
  Correspondence: knirel@ioc.ac.ru
  Editors: Knirel YA, Valvano MA
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica sv. Livingstone var. 14+ O6,7
  CSDB ID 27407 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164479,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_136,SB_192,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 1720
  Di Fabio JL, Brisson JR, Perry MB "Structure of the lipopolysaccharide antigenic O-chain produced by Salmonella livingstone (O:6,7)" - Biochemistry and Cell Biology 67(6) (1989) 278-280
  

  The lipopolysaccharide produced by Salmonella livingstone (O:6,7) was composed of an antigenic O-polysaccharide which was shown by composition, methylation analysis, and high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance studies to be a high molecular weight polymer containing D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, and D-mannose residues (1:1:4) composed in a repeating hexasaccharide unit having the structure: (formula; see text)

  NCBI PubMed ID: 2476161
  Publication DOI: 10.1139/o89-041
  Journal NLM ID: 8606068
  Publisher: Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada
  Institutions: Division of Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.
  
   
  
  Salmonella livingstone O6,7
  CSDB ID 105828 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 1777
  Knirel YA, Kochetkov NK "The structure of lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria. III. The structure of O-antigens: A review" - Biochemistry (Moscow) 59(12) (1994) 1325-1383
  

  This review summarizes data on the composition and structure of the O-antigens, the polysaccharide chains of the outer-membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria defining the immunospecificity of these microbial cells. Special reference is given to some structural features of the O-antigens, such as the presence of unique monosaccharides and noncarbohydrate components, masked regularity, and the occurrence in one microorganism of LPS with structurally different polysaccharide chains. Antigenic relationships between microorganisms belonging to different taxonomic groups are discussed.

  structure, O-antigen, chemical composition, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, Salmonella livingstone C1

  NCBI PubMed ID: 7533007
  Journal NLM ID: 0376536
  Publisher: Nauka/Interperiodica
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Salmonella livingstone C1, Salmonella thompson C1
  CSDB ID 108602 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 2099
  Lindberg B, Leontein K, Lindquist U, Svenson SB, Wrangsell G, Dell A, Rogers M "Structural studies of the O-antigen polysaccharide of Salmonella thompson, serogroup C1 (6,7)" - Carbohydrate Research 174 (1988) 313-322
  

  The structure of the O-antigen polysaccharide of Salmonella thompson, serogroup C1 (6,7) has been investigated mainly by methylation analysis, n.m.r. spectroscopy, specific degradations by a phage-associated enzyme, N-deacetylation-deamination, and f.a.b.-m.s. It is concluded that the structure involves the following repeating unit. (formula; see text) There are two populations of chains, with and without α-D-glucopyranosyl groups, 3-linked to an α-D-Manp residue, and only the latter type is hydrolysed by the phage enzyme. The alpha linkage of the third Manp residue is cleaved by the O14 phage enzyme. The structure, with or without the α-D-glucopyranosyl group, represents the biological repeating-unit.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 3378232
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, University of Stockholm, Sweden
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, FAB-MS
  
   
  
  Salmonella thompson C1, Salmonella thompson 6, Salmonella thompson 7
  CSDB ID 115243 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 3846
  Gajdus J, Glosnicka R, Szafranek J "Primary structure of Salmonella spp. O-antigens" - Wiadomosci Chemiczne [Polish] 60(9-10) (2006) 621-653
  

  Salmonella spp. are pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria that belong to Enterobacteriaceae family with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a constituent of cell wall. This is an integral component of the outer membrane of the wall. Salmonella smooth (S) forms produce LPS, which is composed of three parts, chemically bonded together viz. polysaccharide O-antigen, oligosaccharide core region and lipid A. Antigens O (O-PS) together with H flagella antigens are the foundation of serological classification of these bacteria. O-chain, which is built with up to 50 oligosaccharide repeating units, is one of the products of mild acidic hydrolysis of LPS. Due to the fact that polysaccharide antigens are the sites of specific antibody complexing, any difference in primary and secondary structures of O-antigens reflect serological specificity of bacteria. Taking this fact into consideration, we can distinguish about 2541 Salmonella serotypes with O and H antigenic formulas defined [4]. In this review we present 55 chemical structures of O-antigenic repeating units of Salmonella strains including their heterogeneity structures. The structures can have 22 different monosaccharide residues usually in 3 to 6 sugar repeating units. We describe here selected chemical and spectroscopic (MS, NMR) methods for primary structure examination of these bacterial O-PS. Enzymatic and immunochemical methods are also described. Cross-reactions of Salmonella spp. with any other bacteria or blood group A, B, 0 antigens are explained on the molecular level. Thus, structural assignments of somatic antigens of Salmonella spp. allow us to understand the molecular level of the classification system of these bacteria.

  NMR spectroscopy, O-antigens, Salmonella, MS, primary structure

  WWW link: http://baztech.icm.edu.pl/baztech/cgi-bin/btgetdoc.cgi?BUS2-0016-0014
  Publisher: Polish Chemical Society
  Correspondence: jerzyg@chemik.chem.univ.gda.pl
  Institutions: Wydzial Chemii, Uniwersytet Gdanski, ul. Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdansk
  
   
  
  Salmonella livingstone C1, Salmonella thompson C1
  CSDB ID 25606 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4328
  Knirel YA "Structure of O-antigens" - Book: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: Structure, chemical synthesis, biogenesis and interaction with host cells (2011) Chapter 3, 41-115
  

  The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Its lipid A moiety is embedded in the membrane and serves as an anchor for the rest of the LPS molecule. The outermost repetitive glycan region of the LPS is linked to the lipid A through a core oligosaccharide (OS), and is designated as the O-specific polysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, OPS) or O-antigen. The O-antigen is the most variable portion of the LPS and provides serological specificity, which is used for bacterial serotyping. The OPS also provides protection to the microorganisms from host defenses such as complement mediated killing and phagocytosis, and is involved in interactions of bacteria with plants and bacteriophages. Studies of the OPSs ranging from the elucidation of their chemical structures and conformations to their biological and physico-chemical properties help improving classification schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, these studies contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as well as provided information to develop novel vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

  Lipopolysaccharide, synthesis, lipopolysaccharides, structure, Bacterial, host, O-antigen, O antigen, cell, O antigens, O-antigens, chemical, interaction, cells, PDF, chemical synthesis, biogenesis

  Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0733-1_3
  Publisher: Springer
  Correspondence: knirel@ioc.ac.ru
  Editors: Knirel YA, Valvano MA
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica sv. Livingstone O6,7, Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica sv. Thompson O6,7
  CSDB ID 27404 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164479,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_136,SB_192,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 1777
  Knirel YA, Kochetkov NK "The structure of lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria. III. The structure of O-antigens: A review" - Biochemistry (Moscow) 59(12) (1994) 1325-1383
  

  This review summarizes data on the composition and structure of the O-antigens, the polysaccharide chains of the outer-membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria defining the immunospecificity of these microbial cells. Special reference is given to some structural features of the O-antigens, such as the presence of unique monosaccharides and noncarbohydrate components, masked regularity, and the occurrence in one microorganism of LPS with structurally different polysaccharide chains. Antigenic relationships between microorganisms belonging to different taxonomic groups are discussed.

  structure, O-antigen, chemical composition, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, Salmonella livingstone C1

  NCBI PubMed ID: 7533007
  Journal NLM ID: 0376536
  Publisher: Nauka/Interperiodica
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Salmonella ohio C1
  CSDB ID 108604 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 3846
  Gajdus J, Glosnicka R, Szafranek J "Primary structure of Salmonella spp. O-antigens" - Wiadomosci Chemiczne [Polish] 60(9-10) (2006) 621-653
  

  Salmonella spp. are pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria that belong to Enterobacteriaceae family with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a constituent of cell wall. This is an integral component of the outer membrane of the wall. Salmonella smooth (S) forms produce LPS, which is composed of three parts, chemically bonded together viz. polysaccharide O-antigen, oligosaccharide core region and lipid A. Antigens O (O-PS) together with H flagella antigens are the foundation of serological classification of these bacteria. O-chain, which is built with up to 50 oligosaccharide repeating units, is one of the products of mild acidic hydrolysis of LPS. Due to the fact that polysaccharide antigens are the sites of specific antibody complexing, any difference in primary and secondary structures of O-antigens reflect serological specificity of bacteria. Taking this fact into consideration, we can distinguish about 2541 Salmonella serotypes with O and H antigenic formulas defined [4]. In this review we present 55 chemical structures of O-antigenic repeating units of Salmonella strains including their heterogeneity structures. The structures can have 22 different monosaccharide residues usually in 3 to 6 sugar repeating units. We describe here selected chemical and spectroscopic (MS, NMR) methods for primary structure examination of these bacterial O-PS. Enzymatic and immunochemical methods are also described. Cross-reactions of Salmonella spp. with any other bacteria or blood group A, B, 0 antigens are explained on the molecular level. Thus, structural assignments of somatic antigens of Salmonella spp. allow us to understand the molecular level of the classification system of these bacteria.

  NMR spectroscopy, O-antigens, Salmonella, MS, primary structure

  WWW link: http://baztech.icm.edu.pl/baztech/cgi-bin/btgetdoc.cgi?BUS2-0016-0014
  Publisher: Polish Chemical Society
  Correspondence: jerzyg@chemik.chem.univ.gda.pl
  Institutions: Wydzial Chemii, Uniwersytet Gdanski, ul. Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdansk
  
   
  
  Salmonella ohio C1 (O7)
  CSDB ID 25608 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4328
  Knirel YA "Structure of O-antigens" - Book: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: Structure, chemical synthesis, biogenesis and interaction with host cells (2011) Chapter 3, 41-115
  

  The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Its lipid A moiety is embedded in the membrane and serves as an anchor for the rest of the LPS molecule. The outermost repetitive glycan region of the LPS is linked to the lipid A through a core oligosaccharide (OS), and is designated as the O-specific polysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, OPS) or O-antigen. The O-antigen is the most variable portion of the LPS and provides serological specificity, which is used for bacterial serotyping. The OPS also provides protection to the microorganisms from host defenses such as complement mediated killing and phagocytosis, and is involved in interactions of bacteria with plants and bacteriophages. Studies of the OPSs ranging from the elucidation of their chemical structures and conformations to their biological and physico-chemical properties help improving classification schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, these studies contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as well as provided information to develop novel vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

  Lipopolysaccharide, synthesis, lipopolysaccharides, structure, Bacterial, host, O-antigen, O antigen, cell, O antigens, O-antigens, chemical, interaction, cells, PDF, chemical synthesis, biogenesis

  Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0733-1_3
  Publisher: Springer
  Correspondence: knirel@ioc.ac.ru
  Editors: Knirel YA, Valvano MA
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica sv. Ohio O6,7
  CSDB ID 27406 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164479,IEDB_983930,SB_136,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 2768
  Grossman N, Svenson SB, Leive L, Lindberg AA "Salmonella O-antigen-specific oligosaccharide-octyl conjugates activate complement via the alternative pathway at different rates depending on the structure of the O antigen" - Molecular Immunology 27 (1990) 859-865
  

  Artificial Salmonella serogroup B, D or Cl-specific glycolipids were prepared by covalently linking oligosaccharides corresponding to two O-antigen repeating units, obtained by phage enzyme hydrolysis of native O-antigenic polysaccharides, to octyl residues. Sheep erythrocytes coated with the artificial glycolipids were studied for their ability to consume C3, when incubated in C4- deficient guinea pig serum. Salmonella C1 (0-6,7) glycolipid-coated erythrocytes consumed C3 40% more efficiently than Salmonella D (0-9,12) glycolipid-coated erythrocytes, and 10-times more efficiently than Salmonella B (0-4,12) glycolipid-coated erythrocytes. These results resemble C3 consumption by Salmonella C1, D, and B cells and by sheep erythrocytes coated with purified lipopolysaccharides of these O-specificities. The results prove directly that in a particulate system C3 activation via the alternative pathway depends on the structural properties of the O-antigenic side chain. Structures as small as octasaccharides, or as two O-antigenic repeating units, are sufficient for triggering C3 activation, but the magnitude of activation depends on the nature of the monosaccharides. Apparently, neither the core oligosaccharide nor Lipid A of lipopolysaccharide are required for C3 activation via the alternative pathway

  NCBI PubMed ID: 1699120
  Journal NLM ID: 7905289
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
  
   
  
  Salmonella thompson IS40
  CSDB ID 143993 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Aglycon: spacer-protein
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164479,IEDB_983930,SB_136,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 2768
  Grossman N, Svenson SB, Leive L, Lindberg AA "Salmonella O-antigen-specific oligosaccharide-octyl conjugates activate complement via the alternative pathway at different rates depending on the structure of the O antigen" - Molecular Immunology 27 (1990) 859-865
  

  Artificial Salmonella serogroup B, D or Cl-specific glycolipids were prepared by covalently linking oligosaccharides corresponding to two O-antigen repeating units, obtained by phage enzyme hydrolysis of native O-antigenic polysaccharides, to octyl residues. Sheep erythrocytes coated with the artificial glycolipids were studied for their ability to consume C3, when incubated in C4- deficient guinea pig serum. Salmonella C1 (0-6,7) glycolipid-coated erythrocytes consumed C3 40% more efficiently than Salmonella D (0-9,12) glycolipid-coated erythrocytes, and 10-times more efficiently than Salmonella B (0-4,12) glycolipid-coated erythrocytes. These results resemble C3 consumption by Salmonella C1, D, and B cells and by sheep erythrocytes coated with purified lipopolysaccharides of these O-specificities. The results prove directly that in a particulate system C3 activation via the alternative pathway depends on the structural properties of the O-antigenic side chain. Structures as small as octasaccharides, or as two O-antigenic repeating units, are sufficient for triggering C3 activation, but the magnitude of activation depends on the nature of the monosaccharides. Apparently, neither the core oligosaccharide nor Lipid A of lipopolysaccharide are required for C3 activation via the alternative pathway

  NCBI PubMed ID: 1699120
  Journal NLM ID: 7905289
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
  
   
  
  Salmonella
  CSDB ID 143994 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164479,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_136,SB_192,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 2768
  Grossman N, Svenson SB, Leive L, Lindberg AA "Salmonella O-antigen-specific oligosaccharide-octyl conjugates activate complement via the alternative pathway at different rates depending on the structure of the O antigen" - Molecular Immunology 27 (1990) 859-865
  

  Artificial Salmonella serogroup B, D or Cl-specific glycolipids were prepared by covalently linking oligosaccharides corresponding to two O-antigen repeating units, obtained by phage enzyme hydrolysis of native O-antigenic polysaccharides, to octyl residues. Sheep erythrocytes coated with the artificial glycolipids were studied for their ability to consume C3, when incubated in C4- deficient guinea pig serum. Salmonella C1 (0-6,7) glycolipid-coated erythrocytes consumed C3 40% more efficiently than Salmonella D (0-9,12) glycolipid-coated erythrocytes, and 10-times more efficiently than Salmonella B (0-4,12) glycolipid-coated erythrocytes. These results resemble C3 consumption by Salmonella C1, D, and B cells and by sheep erythrocytes coated with purified lipopolysaccharides of these O-specificities. The results prove directly that in a particulate system C3 activation via the alternative pathway depends on the structural properties of the O-antigenic side chain. Structures as small as octasaccharides, or as two O-antigenic repeating units, are sufficient for triggering C3 activation, but the magnitude of activation depends on the nature of the monosaccharides. Apparently, neither the core oligosaccharide nor Lipid A of lipopolysaccharide are required for C3 activation via the alternative pathway

  NCBI PubMed ID: 1699120
  Journal NLM ID: 7905289
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
  
   
  
  Salmonella thompson IS40
  CSDB ID 143995 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164479,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_136,SB_192,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 1673
  Whitfield C, Valvano MA "Biosynthesis and expression of cell-surface polysaccharides in gram-negative bacteria" - Advances in Microbial Physiology 35 (1993) 135-246
  

  This chapter provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in synthesis and expression of cell-surface polysaccharides in Gram-negative bacteria. Biosynthesis of many cell-surface components, including polysaccharides, involves enzymes and enzyme complexes found in the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan layer is located immediately external to the cytoplasmic membrane and this layer is required for cell shape and rigidity. Gram-negative bacteria possess a periplasm that contains a variety of proteins and enzymes, including some involved in import and export of macromolecules. Biosynthesis of bacterial cell-surface polysaccharides involves a series of sequential processes: (1) biosynthesis of activated precursors in the cytoplasm, (2) formation of repeating units, (3) polymerization of repeating units, and (d) export of polysaccharides to the cell surface. The assembly of polysaccharide repeating units and subsequent polymerization reactions occur at the cytoplasmic membrane, using precursors synthesized in the cytoplasm. Genes for biosynthesis of cell-surface polysaccharides are chromosomal and are arranged in clusters of one or more transcriptional units. The synthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may be subject to complex regulation, but on-off switching is not possible due to the essential structural requirement for the lipid A-core LPS molecule. Most bacteria use extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) for protection, and many regulatory strategies are directed to modulating EPS synthesis in response to appropriate environmental cues. Application of genetic and biochemical approaches has facilitated detailed analysis of complex, multicomponent systems, such as those involved in synthesis of cell-surface polysaccharides.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 8310880
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2911(08)60099-5
  Journal NLM ID: 0117147
  Institutions: Department of Microbiology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, Department of Microbiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
  
   
  
  Salmonella enterica C1
  CSDB ID 101056 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164479,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_136,SB_192,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 3284
  Nnalue NA, Weintraub A, Oscarson S, Lindberg AA "Cross-reactivity between the mannan of Candida species, Klebsiella K24 polysaccharide and Salmonella C1 and E O-antigens is mediated by a terminal non-reducing b-mannosyl residue" - European Journal of Biochemistry 220(3) (1994) 973-979
  

  Rat monoclonal antibody MASC1-MR9 (MR9) binds to a mannan of Candida species and the O-antigenic polysaccharides of Salmonella bacteria of serogroups C1 (CO) and E (EO). Mannan and glycoconjugates comprising BSA and O-antigen polysaccharides, decasaccharide-BSA (CO-BSA) or trisaccharide-BSA (EO-BSA), inhibited each other's reactivity with MR9. The saccharides β-D-Manp-(1→6)-α-D-Manp-1-OMe, β-D-Manp(1→3)-α-D-Manp-1-OMe, β-D-Manp(1→2)-α-D-Manp-1-OMe (corresponds to the terminal non-reducing end of Salmonella serogroup C1 O-antigen) and β-D-Manp(1→4)-α-L-Rhap(1→3)-α-D-Galp-1-O-p-trifluoroacetamido aniline (corresponds to the backbone of Salmonella serogroup E O-antigen) inhibited the binding of MR9 to these antigens whereas α-D-Manp(1→3)-α-D-Manp-1-OMe and α-D-Manp(1→4)-α-L-Rhap-1-O-p-nitrophenyl did not. Saccharides (3-10 residues) of mammalian origin with terminal and internal Manp α-1→2, Manp α-1→3 and Manp α-1→6 residues also failed to inhibit at any concentration. None of the saccharides with internal β-mannosyl residue was able to inhibit the MR9 antibody. Monosaccharides D-mannose, β-D-Manp-1-OMe and 1,5 anhydro-D-mannitol inhibited the MR9 monoclonal antibody whereas α-D-Manp-1-OMe, β-D-Glcp-1-OMe, and β-D-Galp-1-OMe did not. In addition a Klebsiella K24 capsular polysaccharide containing a β-D-Manp(1→4)-α-D-GlcA (GlcA, glucuronic acid) as a structural element possessed an inhibitory activity. MR9 therefore recognizes an epitope within β-mannose monosaccharide residues at the terminal non-reducing ends of carbohydrate chains in mannan, and polysaccharides in Salmonella serogroups CO and EO and Klebsiella K24.

  O-antigen, capsular polysaccharide, epitope, monoclonal antibodies, serogroup, Salmonella, Klebsiella, cross-reactivity, Candida

  NCBI PubMed ID: 7511532
  Publication DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18701.x
  Journal NLM ID: 0107600
  Publisher: Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies
  Institutions: Department of Immunology, Microbiology, Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden.
  Methods: serological methods
  
   
  
  Salmonella sp. C1
  CSDB ID 22468 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164479,IEDB_983930,SB_136,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 4291
  Dziadziuszko H, Kumirska J, Muza S, Czerwicka M, Lubecka EA, Stepnowski P, Kunikowska D "Immunochemical studies of Salmonella Dakar and Salmonella Telaviv O-antigens (serogroup O:28)" - FEMS Microbiology Letters 326(1) (2012) 55-61
  

  Salmonella Dakar and Salmonella Telaviv bacteria belong to serogroup O:28, which represents 107 serovars and possesses only the epitope O28. Salmonella Telaviv has the subfactors O28(1) and O28(2) , whereas S. Dakar has O28(1) and O28(3) . So far, only limited serological and immunological information for this serogroup is available in the literature. Knowledge of the structures of their O-polysaccharides and the immunochemical investigations performed in this work allowed to reveal the nature of subfactor O28(1) as attributed to the presence of 3-linked (or 3,4-disubstituted) α-D-GalpNAc in the main chains of S. Dakar and S. Telaviv O-polysaccharides. An explanation for the cross-reactions between Salmonella enterica O28 O-antigens and other Salmonella O-polysaccharides and their structural similarity to Escherichia coli O-serogroups is also given.

  monoclonal antibody, Serogroup O:28, Salmonella bacterial strains, immunochemical study, O-antigen (OPS), epitope O28

  NCBI PubMed ID: 22092663
  Publication DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02431.x
  Journal NLM ID: 7705721
  Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
  Correspondence: kumirska@ chem.univ.gda.pl
  Institutions: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Serology, National Salmonella Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
  Methods: SDS-PAGE, ELISA, serological methods, periodate oxidation
  
   
  
  Salmonella thompson O6,7 C1
  CSDB ID 28329 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164479,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_136,SB_192,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 4291
  Dziadziuszko H, Kumirska J, Muza S, Czerwicka M, Lubecka EA, Stepnowski P, Kunikowska D "Immunochemical studies of Salmonella Dakar and Salmonella Telaviv O-antigens (serogroup O:28)" - FEMS Microbiology Letters 326(1) (2012) 55-61
  

  Salmonella Dakar and Salmonella Telaviv bacteria belong to serogroup O:28, which represents 107 serovars and possesses only the epitope O28. Salmonella Telaviv has the subfactors O28(1) and O28(2) , whereas S. Dakar has O28(1) and O28(3) . So far, only limited serological and immunological information for this serogroup is available in the literature. Knowledge of the structures of their O-polysaccharides and the immunochemical investigations performed in this work allowed to reveal the nature of subfactor O28(1) as attributed to the presence of 3-linked (or 3,4-disubstituted) α-D-GalpNAc in the main chains of S. Dakar and S. Telaviv O-polysaccharides. An explanation for the cross-reactions between Salmonella enterica O28 O-antigens and other Salmonella O-polysaccharides and their structural similarity to Escherichia coli O-serogroups is also given.

  monoclonal antibody, Serogroup O:28, Salmonella bacterial strains, immunochemical study, O-antigen (OPS), epitope O28

  NCBI PubMed ID: 22092663
  Publication DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02431.x
  Journal NLM ID: 7705721
  Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
  Correspondence: kumirska@ chem.univ.gda.pl
  Institutions: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Serology, National Salmonella Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
  Methods: SDS-PAGE, ELISA, serological methods, periodate oxidation
  
   
  
  Salmonella thompson O6,7 C1
  CSDB ID 28330 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115576,IEDB_130701,IEDB_131173,IEDB_133966,IEDB_133967,IEDB_134618,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141111,IEDB_141795,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_152206,IEDB_153756,IEDB_1539315,IEDB_164174,IEDB_164175,IEDB_164176,IEDB_164177,IEDB_164479,IEDB_164480,IEDB_173895,IEDB_174840,IEDB_241100,IEDB_76920,IEDB_76933,IEDB_858578,IEDB_983930,SB_136,SB_196,SB_197,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 4328
  Knirel YA "Structure of O-antigens" - Book: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: Structure, chemical synthesis, biogenesis and interaction with host cells (2011) Chapter 3, 41-115
  

  The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Its lipid A moiety is embedded in the membrane and serves as an anchor for the rest of the LPS molecule. The outermost repetitive glycan region of the LPS is linked to the lipid A through a core oligosaccharide (OS), and is designated as the O-specific polysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, OPS) or O-antigen. The O-antigen is the most variable portion of the LPS and provides serological specificity, which is used for bacterial serotyping. The OPS also provides protection to the microorganisms from host defenses such as complement mediated killing and phagocytosis, and is involved in interactions of bacteria with plants and bacteriophages. Studies of the OPSs ranging from the elucidation of their chemical structures and conformations to their biological and physico-chemical properties help improving classification schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, these studies contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as well as provided information to develop novel vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

  Lipopolysaccharide, synthesis, lipopolysaccharides, structure, Bacterial, host, O-antigen, O antigen, cell, O antigens, O-antigens, chemical, interaction, cells, PDF, chemical synthesis, biogenesis

  Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0733-1_3
  Publisher: Springer
  Correspondence: knirel@ioc.ac.ru
  Editors: Knirel YA, Valvano MA
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Klebsiella pneumoniae O3, Hafnia alvei 1223
  CSDB ID 27529 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer biological repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164479,IEDB_983930,SB_136,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 4696
  Liu B, Knirel YA, Feng L, Perepelov AV, Senchenkova SN, Reeves P, Wang L "Structural diversity in Salmonella O antigens and its genetic basis" - FEMS Microbiology Reviews 38(1) (2014) 56-89
  

  This review covers the structures and genetics of the 46 O antigens of Salmonella, a major pathogen of humans and domestic animals. The variation in structures underpins the serological specificity of the 46 recognized serogroups. The O antigen is important for the full function and virulence of many bacteria, and the considerable diversity of O antigens can confer selective advantage. Salmonella O antigens can be divided into two major groups: those which have N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and those which have galactose (Gal) as the first sugar in the O unit. In recent years, we have determined 21 chemical structures and sequenced 28 gene clusters for GlcNAc-/GalNAc-initiated O antigens, thus completing the structure and DNA sequence data for the 46 Salmonella O antigens. The structures and gene clusters of the GlcNAc-/GalNAc-initiated O antigens were found to be highly diverse, and 24 of them were found to be identical or closely related to Escherichia coli O antigens. Sequence comparisons indicate that all or most of the shared gene clusters were probably present in the common ancestor, although alternative explanations are also possible. In contrast, the better-known eight Gal-initiated O antigens are closely related both in structures and gene cluster sequences.

  polysaccharide, glycosyltransferase, pathogen, serotyping, evolution, polymorphism

  NCBI PubMed ID: 23848592
  Publication DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12034
  Journal NLM ID: 8902526
  Publisher: Oxford University Press
  Correspondence: wanglei@nankai.edu.cn
  Institutions: N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin, China, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China, School of Molecular and Microbial Bioscience (G08), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
  
   
  
  Salmonella enterica O6,7 (C1) Thompson
  CSDB ID 30094 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 5094
  Li P, Liu Q, Luo H, Liang K, Yi J, Luo Y, Hu Y, Han Y, Kong Q "O-Serotype Conversion in Salmonella Typhimurium Induces Protective Immune Responses against Invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infections" - Frontiers in Immunology 8 (2017) 1647
  

  Salmonella infections remain a big problem worldwide, causing enteric fever by Salmonella Typhi (or Paratyphi) or self-limiting gastroenteritis by non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) in healthy individuals. NTS may become invasive and cause septicemia in elderly or immuno-compromised individuals, leading to high mortality and morbidity. No vaccines are currently available for preventing NTS infection in human. As these invasive NTS are restricted to several O-antigen serogroups including B1, D1, C1, and C2, O-antigen polysaccharide is believed to be a good target for vaccine development. In this study, a strategy of O-serotype conversion was investigated to develop live attenuated S. Typhimurium vaccines against the major serovars of NTS infections. The immunodominant O4 serotype of S. Typhimurium was converted into O9, O7, and O8 serotypes through unmarked chromosomal deletion-insertion mutations. O-serotype conversion was confirmed by LPS silver staining and western blotting. All O-serotype conversion mutations were successfully introduced into the live attenuated S. Typhimurium vaccine S738 (Δcrp Δcya) to evaluate their immunogenicity in mice model. The vaccine candidates induced high amounts of heterologous O-polysaccharide-specific functional IgG responses. Vaccinated mice survived a challenge of 100 times the 50% lethality dose (LD50) of wild-type S. Typhimurium. Protective efficacy against heterologous virulent Salmonella challenges was highly O-serotype related. Furthermore, broad-spectrum protection against S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and S. Choleraesuis was observed by co-vaccination of O9 and O7 O-serotype-converted vaccine candidates. This study highlights the strategy of expressing heterologous O-polysaccharides via genetic engineering in developing live attenuated S. Typhimurium vaccines against NTS infections.

  O-antigen, cross-protection, S. Choleraesuis, S. Enteritidis, S. Newport, S. Typhimurium, live attenuated Salmonella vaccine

  NCBI PubMed ID: 29255460
  Publication DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01647
  Journal NLM ID: 101560960
  Publisher: Lausanne: Frontiers Research Foundation
  Correspondence: kongqiki@163.com
  Institutions: Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
  Methods: SDS-PAGE, DNA techniques, ELISA, Western blotting, biological assays, serological methods, genetic methods, statistical analysis, motility assays
  
   
  
  Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica sv. Choleraesuis O7 (C1)
  CSDB ID 12415 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer biological repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141830,IEDB_142357,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_164479,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_136,SB_192,SB_196,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72

• Article ID: 4696
  Liu B, Knirel YA, Feng L, Perepelov AV, Senchenkova SN, Reeves P, Wang L "Structural diversity in Salmonella O antigens and its genetic basis" - FEMS Microbiology Reviews 38(1) (2014) 56-89
  

  This review covers the structures and genetics of the 46 O antigens of Salmonella, a major pathogen of humans and domestic animals. The variation in structures underpins the serological specificity of the 46 recognized serogroups. The O antigen is important for the full function and virulence of many bacteria, and the considerable diversity of O antigens can confer selective advantage. Salmonella O antigens can be divided into two major groups: those which have N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and those which have galactose (Gal) as the first sugar in the O unit. In recent years, we have determined 21 chemical structures and sequenced 28 gene clusters for GlcNAc-/GalNAc-initiated O antigens, thus completing the structure and DNA sequence data for the 46 Salmonella O antigens. The structures and gene clusters of the GlcNAc-/GalNAc-initiated O antigens were found to be highly diverse, and 24 of them were found to be identical or closely related to Escherichia coli O antigens. Sequence comparisons indicate that all or most of the shared gene clusters were probably present in the common ancestor, although alternative explanations are also possible. In contrast, the better-known eight Gal-initiated O antigens are closely related both in structures and gene cluster sequences.

  polysaccharide, glycosyltransferase, pathogen, serotyping, evolution, polymorphism

  NCBI PubMed ID: 23848592
  Publication DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12034
  Journal NLM ID: 8902526
  Publisher: Oxford University Press
  Correspondence: wanglei@nankai.edu.cn
  Institutions: N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin, China, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China, School of Molecular and Microbial Bioscience (G08), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
  
   
  
  Salmonella enterica O6,7 (C1) Thompson, Salmonella enterica O6,7 (C1) Livingstone
  CSDB ID 30334 (all data & tools)