Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: CWP, techoic acid
Compound class: cell wall polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114703,IEDB_135813,IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_591403,IEDB_841282

• Article ID: 487
  Kuebler-Kielb J, Coxon B, Schneerson R "Chemical structure, conjugation, and cross-reactivity of Bacillus pumilus Sh18 cell wall polysaccharide" - Journal of Bacteriology 186(20) (2004) 6891-6901
  

  Bacillus pumilus strain Sh18 cell wall polysaccharide (CWP), cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b, was purified and its chemical structure was elucidated using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, and sugar-specific degradation procedures. Two major structures, 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate) and 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate), with the latter partially substituted by 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-galactopyranose (13%) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-glucopyranose (6%) on position O-2, were found. A minor component was established to be a polymer of →3-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-glucopyranosyl)-1→4-ribitol-1-OPO3→. The ratios of the three components were 56, 34, and 10 mol%, respectively. The Sh18 CWP was covalently bound to carrier proteins, and the immunogenicity of the resulting conjugates was evaluated in mice. Two methods of conjugation were compared: (i) binding of 1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium tetrafluoroborate-activated hydroxyl groups of the CWP to adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH)-derivatized protein, and (ii) binding of the carbodiimide-activated terminal phosphate group of the CWP to ADH-derivatized protein. The conjugate-induced antibodies reacted in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the homologous polysaccharide and with a number of other bacterial polysaccharides containing ribitol and glycerol phosphates, including H. influenzae types a and b and strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

  Haemophilus influenzae, structure, capsular polysaccharide, polysaccharides, antibodies, spectrometry, cell wall, Staphylococcus, conjugate, Bacillus, cross-reactivity, Bacterial Vaccines

  NCBI PubMed ID: 15466043
  Publication DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.20.6891-6901.2004
  Journal NLM ID: 2985120R
  Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
  Correspondence: kielbj@mail.nih.gov
  Institutions: Laboratory of Developmental and Molecular Immunity, NIH/NICHD,9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 6, Rm. 1A05, Bethesda, MD, USA
  Methods: NMR-2D, FAB-MS, NMR, HF solvolysis, mild acid hydrolysis, Smith degradation
  
   
  
  Staphylococcus aureus
  CSDB ID 9066 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4604
  Potekhina NV, Shashkov AS, Streshinskaia GM, Tul'skaya EM, Senchenkova SN, Kudryashova EB, Dmitrenok AS "Disaccharide 1-phosphate polymers of some representatives of the Bacillus subtilis group" - Biochemistry (Moscow) 78(10) (2013) 1146-1154
  

  Disaccharide 1-phosphate polymers as well as teichoic acids of various structures have been found in the cell walls of the representatives of the Bacillus subtilis group, namely Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii VKM B-720 and VKM B-916, B. subtilis VKM B-517, and Bacillus vallismortis VKM B-2653(T). Disaccharide 1-phosphate polymers are composed of repeating units of the following structure: -P-4)-β-D-GlcpNAc-(1→6)-α-D-Galp-(1-, the N-acetylglucosamine residues are partially acetylated at positions O3 and O6 (VKM B-720 and VKM B-916); -P-4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-, the glucopyranose residues are partially acetylated at positions O2 or O3 (VKM B-517); -P-6)-α-D-GlcpNH3(+)/α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→2)-α-D-Glcp-(1-, the N-acetylglucosamine residues are partially deacetylated (VKM B-2653(T)). The structures of the two last disaccharide 1-phosphate polymers have not been reported so far for Gram-positive bacteria. The teichoic acids in the studied strains are O-D-alanyl-1,5-poly(ribitol phosphates) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose (VKM B-517, VKM B-720, VKM B-916) or 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose (VKM B-2653(T)). The structures of the phosphate-containing polymers have been studied by chemical methods and by NMR spectroscopy.

  NMR spectroscopy, teichoic acids, Bacillus subtilis, glycosyl 1-phosphate polymers, Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii, Bacillus vallismortis

  NCBI PubMed ID: 24237149
  Publication DOI: 10.1134/S000629791310009X
  Journal NLM ID: 0376536
  Publisher: Nauka/Interperiodica
  Correspondence: potekhina56@mail.ru
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, fax: (495) 9394309
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, HF solvolysis, sugar analysis, 31P NMR, acid hydrolysis, paper chromatography, NMR-1D, paper electrophoresis
  
   
  
  Bacillus vallismortis VKM B-2653T
  CSDB ID 29742 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: poly(glycosyl 1-phosphate)
Compound class: cell wall polysaccharide, teichoic acid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114703,IEDB_135813,IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_591403,IEDB_841282

• Article ID: 4098
  Potekhina NV, Streshinskaia GM, Tul'skaya EM, Kozlova YI, Senchenkova SN, Shashkov AS "Phosphate-containing polymers of cell wall of bacilli" - Biochemistry (Moscow) 76(7) (2011) 745-754
  

  Anionic phosphate-containing cell wall polymers of bacilli are represented by teichoic acids and poly(glycosyl 1-phosphates). Different locations of phosphodiester bonds in the main chain of teichoic acids as well as the nature and combination of the constituent structural elements underlie their structural diversity. Currently, the structures of teichoic acids of bacilli can be classified into three types, viz. poly(polyol phosphates) with glycerol or ribitol as the polyol; poly(glycosylpolyol phosphates), mainly glycerol-containing polymers; and poly(acylglycosylglycerol phosphate), in which the components are covalently linked through glycosidic, phosphodiester, and amide bonds. In addition to teichoic acids, poly(glycosyl 1-phosphates) with mono- and disaccharide residues in the repeating units have been detected in cell walls of several Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus strains. The known structures of teichoic acids and poly(glycosyl 1-phosphates) of B. subtilis, B. atrophaeus, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. stearothermophilus, B. coagulans, B. cereus as well as oligomers that link the polymers to peptidoglycan are surveyed. The reported data on the structures of phosphate-containing polymers of different strains of B. subtilis suggest heterogeneity of the species and may be of interest for the taxonomy of bacilli to allow differentiation of closely related organisms according to the 'structures and composition of cell wall polymers' criterion.

  cell wall, teichoic acids, Bacillus, poly(glycosyl 1-phosphates)

  NCBI PubMed ID: 21999535
  Journal NLM ID: 0376536
  Publisher: Nauka/Interperiodica
  Correspondence: potekchina@hotbox.ru
  Institutions: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
  
   
  
  Bacillus subtilis VKM B-762
  CSDB ID 26924 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4109
  Shashkov AS, Streshinskaia GM, Kozlova YI, Senchenkova SN, Arbatsky NP, Kudryashova EB "A novel type of teichoic acid from the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis VKM B-762" - Carbohydrate Research 346(9) (2011) 1173-1177
  

  The cell wall of Bacillus subtilis VKM B-762 contains, along with 1,5-poly[4-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl)ribitol phosphate], a novel type of glycopolymer involving three types of inter-monomeric bonds in the repeating unit, viz., amide, glycosidic and phosphodiester: [See figure in text]. Such a structural pattern of natural glycopolymers has been hitherto unknown. This polymer represents a novel type of teichoic acids.

  cell wall, teichoic acid, Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis, NMR-spectroscopy

  NCBI PubMed ID: 21514573
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.03.034
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: G.M. Streshinskaya
  Institutions: School of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  Methods: deacetylation, 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, partial acid hydrolysis, HF solvolysis, 31P NMR, ESI-MS, composition analysis, peracetylation
  
   
  
  Bacillus subtilis VKM B-762
  CSDB ID 26345 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4338
  Kozlova YI, Streshinskaya GM, Shashkov AS, Evtushenko LI, Gavrish EY, Naumova IB "Structure of anionic carbohydrate-containing cell wall polymers in several representatives of the order actinomycetales" - Biochemistry (Moscow) 65(10) (2000) 1212-1218
  

  A new teichoic acid was identified in the cell walls of Streptomyces griseoviridis VKM Ac-622T, Streptomyces sp. VKM Ac-2091, and Actinoplanes campanulata VKM Ac-1319T. The polymer is poly(glycosylglycerol phosphate). The repeating units of the polymer, α-Galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-galactopyranosyl-(1→1)-glycerols, are in phosphodiester linkage at C-3 of glycerol and C-6 of galactose. The structures of cell wall teichoic acids in the strains Streptomyces chryseus VKM Ac-200T and 'Streptomyces subflavus' VKM Ac-484 similar in morphology and growth characteristics are also identical: 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate) substituted at C-4(2) by 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-glucopyranosyl residues and 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate). The taxonomic aspects of these results are discussed.

  structure, cell wall, teichoic acids, Streptomyces, taxonomy, poly(glycosylglycerol phosphate), Actinoplanes, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, poly(polyol phosphates)

  NCBI PubMed ID: 11092967
  Journal NLM ID: 0376536
  Publisher: Nauka/Interperiodica
  Institutions: School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, sugar analysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, paper chromatography, electrophoresis, alkaline hydrolysis, MR-2D
  
   
  
  Streptomyces chryseus VKM Ac-200T, Streptomyces subflavus VKM Ac-484
  CSDB ID 28434 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: teichoic acid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114703,IEDB_135813,IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_591403,IEDB_841282

• Article ID: 4467
  Streshinskaya GM, Koslova YI, Alferova IV, Shashkov AS, Evtushenko LI "Cell wall teichoic acids from Streptomyces daghestanicus VKM Ac-1722T and Streptomyces murinus INA-00524T" - Mikrobiologiia = Microbiology [Russian] 74(1) (2005) 40-45
  

  The structure of cell wall teichoic acids was studied by chemical methods and NMR spectroscopy in the type strains of two actinomycete species of the 'Streptomyces griseoviridis' phenetic cluster: Streptomyces daghestanicus and Streptomyces murinus. S. daghestanicus VKM Ac-1722T contained two polymers having a 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate) structure. In one of them, the ribitol units had α-rhamnopyranose and 3-O-methyl-α-rhamnopyranose substituents; in the other, each ribitol unit was carrying 2,4-ketal-bound pyruvic acid. Such polymers were earlier found in the cell walls of Streptomyces roseolus and Nocardiopsis albus, respectively; however, their simultaneous presence in the cell wall has never been reported. The cell wall teichoic acid of Streptomyces murinus INA-00524T was is a 1,5-poly(glucosylpolyol phosphate), whose repeating unit was [-6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-glycerol phosphate-(3-P-]. Such a teichoic acid was earlier found in Spirilliplanes yamanashiensis. The 13C NMR spectrum of this polymer is presented for the first time. The results of the present investigation, together with earlier published data, show that the type strains of four species of the 'Streptomyces griseoviridis' phenetic cluster differ in the composition and structure of their teichoic acids; thus, teichoic acids may serve as chemotaxonomic markers of the species.

  NMR spectroscopy, cell wall, teichoic acid, Streptomyces, taxonomy

  NCBI PubMed ID: 15835778
  Publication DOI: 10.1007/s11021-005-0026-7
  Journal NLM ID: 0376652
  Publisher: Moskva: Izdatelstvo Nauka
  Correspondence: Streshinskaya@mail.ru
  Institutions: Moscow State University, 119899, Vorob’evy gory, Moscow, Russia, Gauze Institute of New Antibiotics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 47, 117334, Moscow, Russia, All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (VKM) at the Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, sugar analysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, 31P NMR, acid hydrolysis, Smith degradation, alkaline hydrolysis
  
   
  
  Streptomyces chryseus VKM Ac-200T
  CSDB ID 29153 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: teichoic acid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114703,IEDB_135813,IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_591403,IEDB_841282

• Article ID: 4883
  Weidenmaier C, Lee JC "Structure and Function of Surface Polysaccharides of Staphylococcus aureus" - Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry (2016) 1-37
  

  The major surface polysaccharides of Staphylococcus aureus include the capsular polysaccharide (CP), cell wall teichoic acid (WTA), and polysaccharide intercellular adhesin/poly-β(1-6)-N-acetylglucosamine (PIA/PNAG). These glycopolymers are important components of the staphylococcal cell envelope, but none of them is essential to S. aureus viability and growth in vitro. The overall biosynthetic pathways of CP, WTA, and PIA/PNAG have been elucidated, and the functions of most of the biosynthetic enzymes have been demonstrated. Because S. aureus CP and WTA (but not PIA/PNAG) utilize a common cell membrane lipid carrier (undecaprenyl-phosphate) that is shared by the peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway, there is evidence that these processes are highly integrated and temporally regulated. Regulatory elements that control glycopolymer biosynthesis have been described, but the cross talk that orchestrates the biosynthetic pathways of these three polysaccharides remains largely elusive. CP, WTA, and PIA/PNAG each play distinct roles in S. aureus colonization and the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infection. However, they each promote bacterial evasion of the host immune defences, and WTA is being explored as a target for antimicrobial therapeutics. All the three glycopolymers are viable targets for immunotherapy, and each (conjugated to a carrier protein) is under evaluation for inclusion in a multivalent S. aureus vaccine. Future research findings that increase our understanding of these surface polysaccharides, how the bacterial cell regulates their expression, and their biological functions will likely reveal new approaches to controlling this important bacterial pathogen.

  structure, Pathogenesis, capsular polysaccharide, polysaccharides, Staphylococcus aureus, Enzymes, teichoic acid, vaccine, surface polysaccharide, peptidoglycan biosynthesis

  NCBI PubMed ID: 26728067
  Publication DOI: 10.1007/82_2015_5018
  Journal NLM ID: 101119673
  Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
  Correspondence: chrisweidenmaier@googlemail.com; JCLEE@BWH.HARVARD.EDU
  Institutions: Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tubingen, University of Tubingen and German Center for Infection Research, Tubingen, Germany, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
  
   
  
  Staphylococcus aureus
  CSDB ID 11576 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit ; n=6,12
Aglycon: 6-aminohexanol
Compound class: teichoic acid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114703,IEDB_135813,IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_591403,IEDB_841282

• Article ID: 6211
  Del Bino L, Osterlid KE, Wu DY, Nonne F, Romano MR, Codée J, Adamo R "Synthetic Glycans to Improve Current Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Fight Antimicrobial Resistance" - Chemical Reviews 122(20) (2022) 15672-15716
  

  Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is emerging as the next potential pandemic. Different microorganisms, including the bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungus Candida auris, have been identified by the WHO and CDC as urgent or serious AMR threats. Others, such as group A and B Streptococci, are classified as concerning threats. Glycoconjugate vaccines have been demonstrated to be an efficacious and cost-effective measure to combat infections against Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and, more recently, Salmonella typhi. Recent times have seen enormous progress in methodologies for the assembly of complex glycans and glycoconjugates, with developments in synthetic, chemoenzymatic, and glycoengineering methodologies. This review analyzes the advancement of glycoconjugate vaccines based on synthetic carbohydrates to improve existing vaccines and identify novel candidates to combat AMR. Through this literature survey we built an overview of structure-immunogenicity relationships from available data and identify gaps and areas for further research to better exploit the peculiar role of carbohydrates as vaccine targets and create the next generation of synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines.

  carbohydrates, glycan, glycoconjugate vaccine

  NCBI PubMed ID: 35608633
  Publication DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00021
  Journal NLM ID: 2985134R
  Publisher: Chem Rev
  Correspondence: J. Codée ; R. Adamo
  Institutions: GSK, R&D, 53100 Siena, Italy, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
  
   
  
  Staphylococcus aureus
  CSDB ID 20919 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Aglycon: PG
Trivial name: WTA
Compound class: teichoic acid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114703,IEDB_135813,IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_591403,IEDB_841282

• Article ID: 6214
  Di Carluccio C, Soriano-Maldonado P, Berni F, de Haas CJC, Temming AR, Hendriks A, Ali S, Molinaro A, Silipo A, van Sorge NM, van Raaij MJ, Codee JDC, Marchetti R "Antibody Recognition of Different Staphylococcus aureus Wall Teichoic Acid Glycoforms" - ACS Central Science 8(10) (2022) 1383-1392
  

  Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are glycopolymers decorating the surface of Gram-positive bacteria and potential targets for antibody-mediated treatments against Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. Through a combination of glycan microarray, synthetic chemistry, crystallography, NMR, and computational studies, we unraveled the molecular and structural details of fully defined synthetic WTA fragments recognized by previously described monoclonal antibodies (mAbs 4461 and 4497). Our results unveiled the structural requirements for the discriminatory recognition of α- and β-GlcNAc-modified WTA glycoforms by the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of the heavy and light chains of the mAbs. Both mAbs interacted not only with the sugar moiety but also with the phosphate groups as well as residues in the ribitol phosphate (RboP) units of the WTA backbone, highlighting their significant role in ligand specificity. Using elongated WTA fragments, containing two sugar modifications, we also demonstrated that the internal carbohydrate moiety of α-GlcNAc-modified WTA is preferentially accommodated in the binding pocket of mAb 4461 with respect to the terminal moiety. Our results also explained the recently documented cross-reactivity of mAb 4497 for β-1,3/β-1,4-GlcNAc-modified WTA, revealing that the flexibility of the RboP backbone is crucial to allow positioning of both glycans in the antibody binding pocket.

  monoclonal antibody, Staphylococcus aureus, wall teichoic acid

  NCBI PubMed ID: 36313161
  Publication DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00125
  Journal NLM ID: 101660035
  Publisher: Washington DC: ACS
  Correspondence: N.M. van Sorge ; m.J. van Raaij ; J.D.C. Codee ; R. Marchetti
  Institutions: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy, Departamento de Estructura de Macromoléculas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Calle Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands, Medical Microbiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZAmsterdam, The Netherlands
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, chemical synthesis, MD simulations, STD NMR, microarray binding assays, monoclonal antibodies, X-ray crystallography
  
   
  
  Staphylococcus aureus
  CSDB ID 8445 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: fragment of a bigger structure
Trivial name: WTA
Compound class: teichoic acid
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114703,IEDB_135813,IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_591403,IEDB_841282

• Article ID: 6214
  Di Carluccio C, Soriano-Maldonado P, Berni F, de Haas CJC, Temming AR, Hendriks A, Ali S, Molinaro A, Silipo A, van Sorge NM, van Raaij MJ, Codee JDC, Marchetti R "Antibody Recognition of Different Staphylococcus aureus Wall Teichoic Acid Glycoforms" - ACS Central Science 8(10) (2022) 1383-1392
  

  Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are glycopolymers decorating the surface of Gram-positive bacteria and potential targets for antibody-mediated treatments against Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. Through a combination of glycan microarray, synthetic chemistry, crystallography, NMR, and computational studies, we unraveled the molecular and structural details of fully defined synthetic WTA fragments recognized by previously described monoclonal antibodies (mAbs 4461 and 4497). Our results unveiled the structural requirements for the discriminatory recognition of α- and β-GlcNAc-modified WTA glycoforms by the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of the heavy and light chains of the mAbs. Both mAbs interacted not only with the sugar moiety but also with the phosphate groups as well as residues in the ribitol phosphate (RboP) units of the WTA backbone, highlighting their significant role in ligand specificity. Using elongated WTA fragments, containing two sugar modifications, we also demonstrated that the internal carbohydrate moiety of α-GlcNAc-modified WTA is preferentially accommodated in the binding pocket of mAb 4461 with respect to the terminal moiety. Our results also explained the recently documented cross-reactivity of mAb 4497 for β-1,3/β-1,4-GlcNAc-modified WTA, revealing that the flexibility of the RboP backbone is crucial to allow positioning of both glycans in the antibody binding pocket.

  monoclonal antibody, Staphylococcus aureus, wall teichoic acid

  NCBI PubMed ID: 36313161
  Publication DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00125
  Journal NLM ID: 101660035
  Publisher: Washington DC: ACS
  Correspondence: N.M. van Sorge ; m.J. van Raaij ; J.D.C. Codee ; R. Marchetti
  Institutions: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy, Departamento de Estructura de Macromoléculas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Calle Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands, Medical Microbiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZAmsterdam, The Netherlands
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, chemical synthesis, MD simulations, STD NMR, microarray binding assays, monoclonal antibodies, X-ray crystallography
  
   
  
  Staphylococcus aureus
  CSDB ID 20924 (all data & tools)