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1. Compound ID: 894
|
/Variants 0/-+
|
-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1-3)-b-D-Glcp2Ac-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-
/Variants 0/ is:
a-L-Rhap-(1-3)-
OR (exclusively)
a-L-Manp-(1-3)- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: welan
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_135849,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_61
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 252
Hashimoto W, Murata K "a-L-rhamnosidase of Sphingomonas sp. R1 producing an unusual exopolysaccharide of sphingan" -
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 62(6) (1998) 1068-1074
A soil bacterium with α-L-rhamnosidase was isolated from a cumulative mixed culture containing a polysaccharide of gellan as a carbon source and identified to be Sphingomonas paucimobilis, known as a potent producer of gellan. The isolate (designated Sphingomonas sp. R1) produced an unusual exopolysaccharide of sphingan (denoted HWR1) distinct from gellan. The rhamnose in gellan was replaced with mannose in HWR1. The bacterium had a peculiar cell surface covered with many complicated plaits. α-L-Rhamnosidase purified from Sphingomonas sp. R1 grown in the presence of naringin was a monomer with a molecular mass of 110 kDa and most active at pH 8.0 and 50 degrees C. The enzyme required divalent metal ions for the activity and released L-rhamnose from various rhamnosyl glycosides.
polysaccharide, Sphingomonas, exopolysaccharide, sphingan, a-L-rhamnosidase
NCBI PubMed ID: 9692187Publication DOI: 10.1271/bbb.62.1068Journal NLM ID: 9205717Publisher: Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry
Correspondence: hasimoto@food2.food.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Institutions: Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
Methods: SDS-PAGE, TLC, acid hydrolysis, HPLC, electron microscopy, enzyme assay
- Article ID: 5791
Knirel YA, Van Calsteren M "Bacterial exopolysaccharides" -
Book: Comprehensive Glycoscience: From Chemistry to Systems Biology. Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering (2021) 1-75
Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides are known as a cell-bound capsule, a sheath, or a slime, which is excreted into the environment. They play an important role in virulence of medical bacteria and plant-to-symbiont interaction and are used for serotyping of bacteria and production of vaccines. Some exopolysaccharides have commercial applications in industry, and claims of health benefits have been documented for an increasing number of them. Exopolysaccharides have diverse composition and structure, and some contain sugar and non-sugar components that are found in bacterial carbohydrates only. The present article provides an updated collection of the data on exopolysaccharides of various classes of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria reported until the end of 2019. When known, biosynthesis pathways of exopolysaccharides are treated in a summary manner. References are made to structure and biosynthesis relatedness between exopolysaccharides of different bacterial taxa as well as between bacterial polysaccharides and mammalian glycosaminoglycans.
polysaccharide structure, Gram-negative bacteria, capsule, Biofilm, polysaccharide biosynthesis, gram-positive bacteria, Monosaccharide composition, Bacterial exopolysaccharide, non-sugar component
Publication DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819475-1.00005-5Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: marie-rose.vancalsteren@canada.ca; yknirel@gmail.com
Editors: Barchi J, Kamerling H
Institutions: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Article ID: 6146
Sun X, Zhang J "Bacterial exopolysaccharides: Chemical structures, gene clusters and genetic engineering" -
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 173 (2021) 481-490
In recent decades, the composition, structure, biosynthesis, and function of bacterial extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have been extensively studied. EPS are synthesized through different biosynthetic pathways. The genes responsible for EPS synthesis are usually clustered on the genome or large plasmids of bacteria. Generally, different EPS synthesis gene clusters direct the synthesis of EPS with different chemical structures and biological activities. A better understanding of the gene functions involved in EPS biosynthesis is critical for the production of EPS with special biological activities. Genetic engineering methods are usually used to study EPS synthesis related genes. This review organizes the available information on EPS, including their structures, synthesis of related genes, and highlights the research progress of modifying EPS gene clusters through gene-editing methods.
genetic engineering, gene clusters, bacterial extracellular polysaccharides
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.139Journal NLM ID: 7909578Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: jfzhang@mail.njust.edu.cn
Institutions: Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
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2. Compound ID: 897
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: sphingan, NW11
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_423153,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 252
Hashimoto W, Murata K "a-L-rhamnosidase of Sphingomonas sp. R1 producing an unusual exopolysaccharide of sphingan" -
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 62(6) (1998) 1068-1074
A soil bacterium with α-L-rhamnosidase was isolated from a cumulative mixed culture containing a polysaccharide of gellan as a carbon source and identified to be Sphingomonas paucimobilis, known as a potent producer of gellan. The isolate (designated Sphingomonas sp. R1) produced an unusual exopolysaccharide of sphingan (denoted HWR1) distinct from gellan. The rhamnose in gellan was replaced with mannose in HWR1. The bacterium had a peculiar cell surface covered with many complicated plaits. α-L-Rhamnosidase purified from Sphingomonas sp. R1 grown in the presence of naringin was a monomer with a molecular mass of 110 kDa and most active at pH 8.0 and 50 degrees C. The enzyme required divalent metal ions for the activity and released L-rhamnose from various rhamnosyl glycosides.
polysaccharide, Sphingomonas, exopolysaccharide, sphingan, a-L-rhamnosidase
NCBI PubMed ID: 9692187Publication DOI: 10.1271/bbb.62.1068Journal NLM ID: 9205717Publisher: Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry
Correspondence: hasimoto@food2.food.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Institutions: Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
Methods: SDS-PAGE, TLC, acid hydrolysis, HPLC, electron microscopy, enzyme assay
- Article ID: 4158
O'Neill MA, Darvill AG, Albersheim P, Chou KJ "Structural analysis of an acidic polysaccharide secreted by Xanthobacter sp. (ATCC 53272)" -
Carbohydrate Research 206 (1990) 289-296
The structure of an acidic polysaccharide secreted by a Xanthobacter sp. has been investigated by glycosyl-residue and glycosyl-linkage composition analyses, and the characterization of oligoglycosyl fragments of the polysaccharide has been carried out by chemical analyses, 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and electron-impact mass spectrometry. The polysaccharide, which contains O-acetyl groups (approximately 5%) that have not been located, has the tetraglycosyl repeating unit 1 and belongs to a group of structurally related polysaccharides synthesized by both Alcaligenes and Pseudomonas species.
NCBI PubMed ID: 2073637Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)80068-EJournal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: University of Georgia Complex Carbohydrate Center, Athens, USA
Methods: gel filtration, 1H NMR, GLC-MS, FAB-MS, partial acid hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, GLC, methanolysis
- Article ID: 5791
Knirel YA, Van Calsteren M "Bacterial exopolysaccharides" -
Book: Comprehensive Glycoscience: From Chemistry to Systems Biology. Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering (2021) 1-75
Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides are known as a cell-bound capsule, a sheath, or a slime, which is excreted into the environment. They play an important role in virulence of medical bacteria and plant-to-symbiont interaction and are used for serotyping of bacteria and production of vaccines. Some exopolysaccharides have commercial applications in industry, and claims of health benefits have been documented for an increasing number of them. Exopolysaccharides have diverse composition and structure, and some contain sugar and non-sugar components that are found in bacterial carbohydrates only. The present article provides an updated collection of the data on exopolysaccharides of various classes of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria reported until the end of 2019. When known, biosynthesis pathways of exopolysaccharides are treated in a summary manner. References are made to structure and biosynthesis relatedness between exopolysaccharides of different bacterial taxa as well as between bacterial polysaccharides and mammalian glycosaminoglycans.
polysaccharide structure, Gram-negative bacteria, capsule, Biofilm, polysaccharide biosynthesis, gram-positive bacteria, Monosaccharide composition, Bacterial exopolysaccharide, non-sugar component
Publication DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819475-1.00005-5Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: marie-rose.vancalsteren@canada.ca; yknirel@gmail.com
Editors: Barchi J, Kamerling H
Institutions: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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3. Compound ID: 2253
|
-2)-a-D-Manp-(1-2)-a-D-Manp-(1-2)-a-D-Manp-(1-3)-a-D-Manp-(1-3)-a-Manp-(1- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115576,IEDB_130701,IEDB_136104,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141111,IEDB_141795,IEDB_141830,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_152206,IEDB_153756,IEDB_164174,IEDB_164175,IEDB_164176,IEDB_164480,IEDB_174840,IEDB_241100,IEDB_76933,IEDB_983930,SB_136,SB_196,SB_197,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 745
Kido N, Sugiyama T, Yokochi T, Kobayashi H, Okawa Y "Synthesis of Escherichia coli O9a polysaccharide requires the participation of two domains of WbdA, a mannosyltransferase encoded within the wb* gene cluster" -
Molecular Microbiology 27(6) (1998) 1213-1221
WbdA (previously MtfA) is one of the mannosyltransferases encoded within the Escherichia coli O9a wb* gene cluster. It is composed of two domains of similar size, connected by an alpha-helix chain. Elimination of the C-terminal half by transposon insertion or gene deletion caused synthesis of an altered structural O-polysaccharide consisting only of α-1,2-linked mannose. O9a polysaccharide synthesis was restored by the C-terminal half of WbdA in trans. No membrane incorporation of mannose from GDP mannose was observed in a strain carrying only the gene for truncated WbdA. For mannose incorporation, it was necessary to introduce both wbdB and wbdC genes into the strain. Therefore, it is likely that the N-terminal half of truncated WbdA synthesizes the altered O-polysaccharide together with other mannosyltransferases which participate in the initial reactions of the O9a polysaccharide synthesis. Both N- and C-terminal domains of WbdA are required for the synthesis of the complete E. coli O9a polysaccharide. The chi sequence location between the two domains and homology plot analyses of the wbdA and the WbdA protein suggested that the wbdA gene might have arisen by fusion of two independent genes.
synthesis, gene, polysaccharide, Escherichia, Escherichia coli, cluster, gene cluster, domain, domains
NCBI PubMed ID: 9570406Journal NLM ID: 8712028Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
Correspondence: j45811a@nucc.cc.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Institutions: Biosystems, School of Informatics and Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Methods: NMR
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4. Compound ID: 2662
|
a-L-Manp-(1-3)-+
|
-3)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: welan gum (S-130), wellan, S-130
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 908
Kumar NS, Ratnayake RMSK, Widmalm G, Jansson P "Selective cleavage of welan gum (S-130) by oxidative decarboxylation with lead tetraacetate" -
Carbohydrate Research 291 (1996) 109-114
Oxidative decarboxylation of peracetylated welan gum (S-130) with lead tetraacetate resulted in selective cleavage of the glucuronosidic linkages. Products of the degradation were reduced with sodium borohydride, O-deacetylated, and fractionated. Polymeric and oligomeric fractions were separated and analysed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and were found to be monomers, dimers, and trimers of the repeating unit. Results show that this method may be used to liberate alditol-terminated multiples of the repeating unit of peracetylated glycuronans by cleavage and degradation of the uronic acid residues. The reaction sequence also confirms the recent finding that welan gum contains repeating units with randomly distributed terminal groups.
degradation, Welan gum, S-130, Lead tetraacetate
NCBI PubMed ID: 8864225Publication DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(96)00137-1Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Methods: NMR, oxidative decarboxylation
- Article ID: 1359
Arndt ER, Stevens ES "Vacuum ultraviolet circular dichroism of gellan-family polymer films from water and dimethyl sulfoxide" -
Carbohydrate Research 280 (1996) 15-26
The denaturing effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) on the conformation of the gellan-welan-rhamsan family of microbial polysaccharides is directly demonstrated by circular dichroism (CD). The three polysaccharides display strikingly similar CD spectra (140-210 nm) for films cast from Me2SO. The disrupting effect of Me2SO on gellan and welan conformations has previously been reported by others on the basis of light-scattering and viscosity studies. Films cast from aqueous solutions at room temperature show more-intense CD bands, both at 182 nm, as is also observed for aqueous solutions, and in the 150-175 nm region. These features correspond to the ordered helical chains found by X-ray diffraction studies of similarly prepared films.
polysaccharide, polymer, water, viscosity, physico-chemical, circular dichroism, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, dimethylsulfoxide, film
NCBI PubMed ID: 8581894Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00285-5Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, USA
Methods: vacuum ultraviolet CD
- Article ID: 2044
Jansson PE, Lindberg B, Widmalm G, Sandford PA "Structural studies of an extracellular polysaccharide (S-130) elaborated by Alcaligenes ATCC 31555" -
Carbohydrate Research 139 (1985) 217-223
The structure of an extracellular polysaccharide (S-130) elaborated by Alcaligenes ATCC 31555, has been investigated. It is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of pentasaccharide units having the following structure: [Formula: see text]. Of these units, approximately two-thirds contain terminal α-L-rhamnopyranosyl groups; the remainder contain α-L-mannopyranosyl groups. Approximately 50% of the units contain an O-acetyl group.
Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(85)90022-9Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Article ID: 2056
O'Neill MA, Selvendran RR, Morris VJ, Eagles J "Structure of the extracellular polysaccharide produced by the bacterium Alcaligenes (ATCC 31555) species" -
Carbohydrate Research 147 (1986) 295-313
The extracellular anionic polysaccharide produced by the bacterium Alcaligenes (ATCC 31555) contains L-mannose, L-rhamnose, D-glucose, and D-glucuronic acid in the molar ratios 1.0:4.5:3.1:2.3. Analysis of the methylated and methylated, carboxyl-reduced polysaccharide indicated terminal non-reducing rhamnose and mannose, (1→4)-linked rhamnose, (1→3)- and (1→3,1→4)-linked glucose, and (1→4)-linked glucuronic acid to be present in the ratios 1.0:0.8:2.1:2.2:2.0:2.2. Partial acid hydrolysis and base-catalysed β-elimination gave a series of oligosaccharides that were isolated as their alkylated alditol derivatives by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. and characterised by f.a.b.-m.s., e.i.-m.s., and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The repeating unit 1, excluding O-acyl groups, is proposed.[Formula: see text]
Journal NLM ID: 0043535WWW link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)90638-4Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: AFRC Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Norwich, UK
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5. Compound ID: 2664
Structure type: oligomer
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_114708,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_225177,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 908
Kumar NS, Ratnayake RMSK, Widmalm G, Jansson P "Selective cleavage of welan gum (S-130) by oxidative decarboxylation with lead tetraacetate" -
Carbohydrate Research 291 (1996) 109-114
Oxidative decarboxylation of peracetylated welan gum (S-130) with lead tetraacetate resulted in selective cleavage of the glucuronosidic linkages. Products of the degradation were reduced with sodium borohydride, O-deacetylated, and fractionated. Polymeric and oligomeric fractions were separated and analysed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and were found to be monomers, dimers, and trimers of the repeating unit. Results show that this method may be used to liberate alditol-terminated multiples of the repeating unit of peracetylated glycuronans by cleavage and degradation of the uronic acid residues. The reaction sequence also confirms the recent finding that welan gum contains repeating units with randomly distributed terminal groups.
degradation, Welan gum, S-130, Lead tetraacetate
NCBI PubMed ID: 8864225Publication DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(96)00137-1Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Methods: NMR, oxidative decarboxylation
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6. Compound ID: 3498
|
a-L-Rha-(1-3)-+
|
-4)-a-L-Manp-(1-3)-b-D-Glcp?Ac-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: sphingan
Compound class: CPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_61
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 1290
Yamazaki M, Thorne L, Mikolajczak M, Armentrout RW, Pollock TJ "Linkage of genes essential for synthesis of a polysaccharide capsule in Sphingomonas strain S88" -
Journal of Bacteriology 178 (1996) 2676-2687
Several structurally related capsular polysaccharides that are secreted by members of the genus Sphingomonas are being developed as aqueous rheological control agents for diverse industrial and food applications. They include gellan (S-60), welan (S-130), rhamsan (S-194), S-657, S-88, S-198, S-7, and NW-11. We refer to these polysaccharides as sphingans, after the genus name. This paper characterizes the first gene cluster isolated from a Sphingomonas species (S88) that is required for capsule synthesis. Overlapping DNA segments which spanned about 50 kbp of S88 DNA restored the synthesis of sphingan S-88 in capsule-negative mutants. The mutations were mapped into functional complementation groups, and the contiguous nucleotide sequence for the 29-kbp cluster was determined. The genetic complementation map and the DNA sequences were interpreted as an extended multicistronic locus containing genes essential for the assembly and secretion of polysaccharide S-88. Many of the deduced amino acid sequences were similar to gene products from other polysaccharide-secreting bacteria such as Rhizobium meliloti (succinoglycan), Xanthomonas campestris (xanthan gum), and Salmonella enterica (O antigen). The S88 locus contained a four-gene operon for the biosynthesis of dTDP-L-rhamnose, an essential precursor for the sphingans. Unexpectedly, there were also two genes for secretion of a lytic or toxin-like protein nested within the polysaccharide cluster. The conservation and linkage of genes that code for a defensive capsule and genes for secretion of an offensive lysin or toxin suggest a heretofore unknown pathogenic life history for Sphingomonas strain S88
biosynthesis, synthesis, gene, strain, polysaccharide, Sphingomonas, linkage, capsule
NCBI PubMed ID: 8626338Journal NLM ID: 2985120RPublisher: American Society for Microbiology
Institutions: Shin-Etsu Bio, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
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7. Compound ID: 3499
|
a-L-Manp-(1-3)-+
|
-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1-3)-b-D-Glcp2(50%)Ac-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: welan
Compound class: CPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_135849,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_61
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 1290
Yamazaki M, Thorne L, Mikolajczak M, Armentrout RW, Pollock TJ "Linkage of genes essential for synthesis of a polysaccharide capsule in Sphingomonas strain S88" -
Journal of Bacteriology 178 (1996) 2676-2687
Several structurally related capsular polysaccharides that are secreted by members of the genus Sphingomonas are being developed as aqueous rheological control agents for diverse industrial and food applications. They include gellan (S-60), welan (S-130), rhamsan (S-194), S-657, S-88, S-198, S-7, and NW-11. We refer to these polysaccharides as sphingans, after the genus name. This paper characterizes the first gene cluster isolated from a Sphingomonas species (S88) that is required for capsule synthesis. Overlapping DNA segments which spanned about 50 kbp of S88 DNA restored the synthesis of sphingan S-88 in capsule-negative mutants. The mutations were mapped into functional complementation groups, and the contiguous nucleotide sequence for the 29-kbp cluster was determined. The genetic complementation map and the DNA sequences were interpreted as an extended multicistronic locus containing genes essential for the assembly and secretion of polysaccharide S-88. Many of the deduced amino acid sequences were similar to gene products from other polysaccharide-secreting bacteria such as Rhizobium meliloti (succinoglycan), Xanthomonas campestris (xanthan gum), and Salmonella enterica (O antigen). The S88 locus contained a four-gene operon for the biosynthesis of dTDP-L-rhamnose, an essential precursor for the sphingans. Unexpectedly, there were also two genes for secretion of a lytic or toxin-like protein nested within the polysaccharide cluster. The conservation and linkage of genes that code for a defensive capsule and genes for secretion of an offensive lysin or toxin suggest a heretofore unknown pathogenic life history for Sphingomonas strain S88
biosynthesis, synthesis, gene, strain, polysaccharide, Sphingomonas, linkage, capsule
NCBI PubMed ID: 8626338Journal NLM ID: 2985120RPublisher: American Society for Microbiology
Institutions: Shin-Etsu Bio, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
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8. Compound ID: 3997
|
a-L-Fucp-(1-2)-+
|
a-D-Gulp-(1-3)-+ |
| |
-4)-Manp-(1-3)-a-D-Galp-(1-3)-a-D-GalpNAc-(1- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130648,IEDB_130701,IEDB_136045,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137473,IEDB_137485,IEDB_1391961,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_141584,IEDB_141794,IEDB_142489,IEDB_144562,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144990,IEDB_151528,IEDB_152206,IEDB_152214,IEDB_152215,IEDB_153553,IEDB_174333,IEDB_190606,IEDB_885822,IEDB_983930,SB_154,SB_44,SB_67,SB_7,SB_72,SB_86
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 1482
Skurnik M "Molecular genetics, biochemistry and biological role of Yersinia lipopolysaccharide" -
Book: The Genus Yersinia (series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biolog) (2003) 187-198
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major component of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The LPS molecule is composed of two biosynthetic entities: the lipid A--core and the O-polysaccharide (O-antigen). Most biological effects of LPS are due to the lipid A part, however, there is an increasing body of evidence also with Yersinia indicating that O-antigen plays an important role in effective colonization of host tissues, resistance to complement-mediated killing and in the resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides that are key elements of the innate immune system. The biosynthesis of O-antigen requires numerous enzymatic activities and includes the biosynthesis of individual NDP-activated precursor sugars in the cytoplasm, linkage and sugar-specific transferases, O-unit flippase, O-antigen polymerase and O-chain length determinant. Based on this enzymatic mode of O-antigen biosynthesis LPS isolated from bacteria is a heterologous population of molecules; some do not carry any O-antigen while others that do have variation in the O-antigen chain lengths. The genes required for the O-antigen biosynthesis are located in O-antigen gene clusters that in genus Yersinia is located between the hemH and gsk genes. Temperature regulates the O-antigen expression in Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis; bacteria grown at room temperature (RT, 22-25 degrees C) produce in abundance O-antigen while only trace amounts are present in bacteria grown at 37 degrees C. Even though the amount of O-antigen is known to fluctuate under different growth conditions in many bacteria very little detailed information is available on the control of the O-antigen biosynthetic machinery.
Lipopolysaccharide, genetic, lipopolysaccharides, structure, core, genetics, role, strain, cell, molecular, biological, cell wall, biochemistry, PAGE, function, genus, bacteriophage, Yersinia, molecular genetics, Yersinia pestis, influence, Bacteriophages, growth, temperature
NCBI PubMed ID: 12756756Publication DOI: 10.1007/0-306-48416-1_38Publisher: Springer US.
Editors: Skurnik M, Bengoechea JA, Granfors K
Institutions: Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
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9. Compound ID: 3998
|
/Variants 0/-+
|
-3)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1-
/Variants 0/ is:
67%a-L-Rhap-(1-3)-
OR (exclusively)
33%a-L-Manp-(1-3)- |
Show graphically |
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: welan(S-130)
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 1483
Sletmoen M, Maurstad G, Sikorski P, Paulsen BS, Stokke BT "Characterisation of bacterial polysaccharides: steps towards single-molecular studies" -
Carbohydrate Research 338(23) (2003) 2459-2475
Techniques used in studies of polysaccharides, including chemical composition, linkage pattern, and higher order structures are in constant development. They provide information necessary for understanding of the polysaccharide properties and functions. Here, recent advancements in studies of the polysaccharides at the single-molecule level are highlighted. Over the last few years, single-molecule techniques such as force spectroscopy have improved in sensitivity and can today be used to detect forces in the pN range. In addition, these techniques can be used to investigate properties of single molecules close to physiological conditions. The challenges in the interpretation of the observations are aided by control experiments using well-characterised polysaccharides and by data provided by complementary methods. This field is expected to have increasing impact on the further advancement of the molecular understanding of the role of polysaccharides in various biological processes such as recognition and cell adhesion.
X-ray fibre diffraction, AFM, TEM, Force spectroscopy, Single-molecules
NCBI PubMed ID: 14670709Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: bjorn.stokke@phys.ntnu.no
Institutions: Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
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10. Compound ID: 5147
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a-L-Rhap-(1-3)-+
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-3)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-a-L-Manp-(1- |
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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: CPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 2070
Jansson PE, Kumar NS, Lindberg B "Structural studies of a polysaccharide (S-88) elaborated by Pseudomonas ATCC 31554" -
Carbohydrate Research 156 (1986) 165-172
The structure of the extracellular polysaccharide elaborated by Pseudomonas ATCC 31554 has been investigated, methylation analyses, specific degradations, and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy being the main methods used. It is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of pentasaccharide repeating-units with the structure: →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-GlcpA-(1→4)-[α-L-Rha-(1→3)-]-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-L-[Rha or Man]-(1→. An unusual feature is that a sugar residue in the chain may be either L-rhamnose or L-mannose. The polysaccharide also contains O-acetyl groups (approximately 5%) which have not been located.
Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)90108-3Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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11. Compound ID: 5152
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a-L-Rhap-(1-4)-+
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-3)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-a-L-Manp-(1- |
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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 2075
Chowdhury TA, Lindberg B, Lindquist U, Baird J "Structural studies of an extracellular polysaccharide (S-198) elaborated by alcaligenes ATCC 31853" -
Carbohydrate Research 161 (1987) 127-132
Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
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12. Compound ID: 5448
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a-L-Manp-(1-3)-+
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-3)-b-D-Glcp2(85%)Ac-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1- |
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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_135849,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_61
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 2283
Chandrasekaran R, Radha A, Lee EJ "Structural roles of calcium ions and side chains in welan: an X-ray study" -
Carbohydrate Research 252 (1994) 183-207
Welan is the first branched polymer in the gellan family of polysaccharides whose three-dimensional structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis of polycrystalline and well oriented fibers of the calcium salt. The molecule exists as a half-staggered, parallel, double-helix, similar to that of gellan. The side chains fold back on the main chain to form hydrogen bonds with the carboxylate groups. This shielding enhances the stability of the double-helix. Three molecules are organized in a trigonal unit cell of dimensions a = 20.83 and c = 28.69 A with a lateral separation of 12.0 A in each pair; this is 2.9 A larger than in gellan. The double helices are in contact with each other through calcium ions and water molecules via COO-...Ca2+...COO- and COO-...W...Ca2+...COO- interactions, and through side chain-side chain hydrogen bonds. These structural features enable us not only to explain how the side chains in welan are responsible for the enhanced molecular stability relative to gellan, but also to show how essential they are for the associative properties which control the rheology of the polymer.
NCBI PubMed ID: 8137360Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1160
Methods: X-ray
- Article ID: 2284
Hember MWN, Richardson RK, Morris ER "Native ordered structure of welan polysaccharide: conformational transitions and gel formation in aqueous dimethyl sulphoxide" -
Carbohydrate Research 252 (1994) 209-221
Welan, in aqueous solution, has "weak gel" properties analogous to those of ordered xanthan but, unlike xanthan, shows no evidence of conformational change between 0 and 100 degrees C. When the polymer is dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) rather than in water, however, there is a massive decrease in viscosity and total loss of gel-like character. In mixtures of the two solvents, the change in rheology occurs over a narrow range of composition (approximately 85-90% v/v Me2SO for 0.5% welan). On heating and cooling in a solvent close to the lower end of the critical range (86% Me2SO), the polymer shows typical order-disorder and disorder-order transitions [as monitored by optical rotation, differential scanning calorimetry, and temperature-course of rheological change]. When solutions of disordered welan in Me2SO are poured into excess water they form cohesive strings of gel. We interpret these results as showing that: (1) the stable conformation of welan in water is the double helix structure identified by X-ray fibre diffraction in the solid state; (2) in native welan, as biosynthesised, the strands are perfectly paired, and ordered along their full length; (3) on exposure to high concentrations of Me2SO, the native structure is dissociated into disordered coils; (4) rapid renaturation from the disordered state gives shorter helices, with exchange of partners to form a stable cross-linked network.
NCBI PubMed ID: 8137361Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Food Research & Technology, Cranfield University, Silsoe College, United Kingdom
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13. Compound ID: 5469
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a-L-Manp-(1-3)-+
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-3)-b-D-Glcp2Ac-(1-4)-b-D-GlcpA-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1- |
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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_135849,IEDB_136105,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_189517,IEDB_225177,IEDB_423153,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_61
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 2299
Jansson PE, Widmalm G "Welan gum (S-130) contains repeating units with randomly distributed L-mannosyl and L-rhamnosyl terminal groups, as determined by FABMS" -
Carbohydrate Research 256 (1994) 327-330
NCBI PubMed ID: 8187106Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
Methods: 1H NMR, FAB-MS, sugar analysis, acid hydrolysis
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14. Compound ID: 5511
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: K-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_130701,IEDB_131187,IEDB_136044,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137485,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_141794,IEDB_144983,IEDB_151528,IEDB_152206,IEDB_190606,IEDB_423153,IEDB_983930,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_44,SB_67,SB_7,SB_72,SB_88
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 2337
Hungerer D, Jann K, Jann B, Orskov F, Orskov I "Immunochemistry of K antigens of Escherichia coli 4. The K antigen of E. coli O9:K30:H12" -
European Journal of Biochemistry 2 (1967) 115-126
Journal NLM ID: 0107600Publisher: Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies
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15. Compound ID: 5518
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-6)-Manp-(1-3)-Glcp-(1-6)-Manp-(1-3)-Glcp-(1-3)-b-GlcpA-(1-3)-a-Galp-(1- |
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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: K-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_130701,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137485,IEDB_1394182,IEDB_140630,IEDB_141794,IEDB_141836,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151528,IEDB_152206,IEDB_190606,IEDB_423153,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_44,SB_67,SB_7,SB_72
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 2342
Nhan LB, Jann B, Jann K "Immunochemistry of K antigens of Escherichia coli. The K29 antigen of E. coli O9:K29(A):H-" -
European Journal of Biochemistry 21 (1971) 226-234
Journal NLM ID: 0107600Publisher: Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies
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Next 15 structure(s)
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